第 0993 號，共 1 402 號

European beewolf

Philanthus triangulum

名字的由來： The name comes from the wasp's habit of hunting bees, as a wolf hunts other animals.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂

螫吃：植物

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The European beewolf is a solitary wasp, not a bee. It lives across Europe, North Africa and parts of Africa. The female hunts honey bees to feed her young, which is why it is named after them.1

分布在

Western Palearctic and Afrotropics, from Scandinavia to South Africa1

歐洲, 非洲

首頁

It is found mainly on open sandy ground, such as lowland heathland and coastal dunes. It is less often found on clay, and in Britain it has dug burrows in coal dust, ash and coal mining spoil heaps.1

長度

1,6 cm (0,6 in)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 25 km/h（16 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Adults feed on nectar from flowers such as bramble, sea-holly, heather, thrift and common ragwort. Females hunt western honey bees to provide food for their larvae, and may collect up to 100 bees during their flight period.1

European beewolf 的照片 — European beewolf。照片：Ben Jobson。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Bold yellow and black markings on the abdomen1
Males have trident-shaped markings between their bluish eyes1
Females are larger, with a reddish stripe behind the eyes and a pale face1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The female stings its bee prey to paralyse them, so they stay alive but cannot move. The paralysed bees are stored in the nest as food for the larvae.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

如果牠螫人

把蜜蜂的螫針刮掉，然後冷敷患處。
如果傷者呼吸困難、臉部或喉嚨腫脹，或覺得快要昏倒，這就是過敏急症：打緊急電話，如果傷者有腎上腺素自動注射筆，就使用它。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短可以在 15 秒內飛過一整座足球場

European beewolf 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻家蠅 大約 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

European beewolf 大約 25 km/h (16 mph)

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Females protect their young from mould by applying a secretion to the bees, and the egg releases nitric oxide that kills growing fungi.1

Females also secrete a substance containing Streptomyces bacteria, which protect the larva's cocoon from fungal infection.1

The female hunts honey bees, and the species is apparently the only one in its genus that specialises in western honey bees.1

Nests can form large groups, with as many as 15,000 burrows in one aggregation.1

Niko Tinbergen's experiments showed that the wasp identifies its nest by sight.1

In Britain it was once considered one of the great rarities among stinging wasps, but its range has expanded northwards as summers have grown warmer.1

給毒液專家

學名: Philanthus triangulum
類群: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和虎頭蜂
家人: Crabronidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
各大洲: 歐洲, 非洲
寶寶: The female lays an egg in an underground brood cell with several paralysed bees as food for the larva, and in cooler regions the larva overwinters.1
牠在野外的狀況: RDB2 (vulnerable) in Britain, though this may be revised because its range and numbers have increased1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3