第 1206 號，共 1 402 號

Greater weever

Trachinus draco

名字的由來： The word "weever" is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon word "wivre", meaning "viper".1

需要看醫生不要碰很少致命，但如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The greater weever is a small sea fish that buries itself in shallow sand along the eastern Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Its spines carry a venom that causes intense pain, so it is one of the most dangerous fishes in the Mediterranean for swimmers.1

分布在

Eastern Atlantic from Norway to Morocco, plus the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Seas1

大西洋, 地中海, 北海

首頁

It lives in water from shallow depths down to 150 m, mostly over muddy or sandy sea floors. In shallow water it hides in fine sand, where bathers may step on it or fall onto it, especially in summer.1

長度

9,5 cm 到 40 cm (3,7 in 到 1,3 ft)1

體重

5,3 g 到 1,7 kg (0,2 oz 到 3,8 lb)1

最高速度

大約 6 km/h（3,7 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an ambush predator that waits buried in sand during the day, with only its eyes and the tip of its dorsal fin showing. It attacks prey that come close in a swift, sudden movement, mainly small fish, decapods and mysids.1

Greater weever 的照片 — Greater weever。照片：Tomasz Sienicki [user: tsca, mail: tomasz.sienicki at gmail.com]。 CC BY 1.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Elongated, flattened body with a mouth that points upwards and a lower jaw longer than the upper jaw1
Large, flat head with the eyes sitting almost on top of it1
Greenish brown colour with several dark marks on the upper side of the head1
Yellowish brown flanks with bright blue and yellow broken stripes, plus oblique black stripes along the sides that look tiger-like1
Venomous spines on the first dorsal fin and on each gill cover1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains a large protein called Dracotoxin, which can be lethal in high enough doses. It damages cell membranes, and the sting is followed by a short period of tissue changes around the wound. The best-known effect is excruciating pain that begins shortly after the sting and can last from a few hours to days.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The most common incident happens when a bather steps, jumps or falls onto a buried greater weever in shallow water, especially in summer. Fishermen handling fish caught in nets are also at risk. The pain can reach 10 out of 10 on the numeric rating scale, and some stings have caused pain for months, though this is rare. Reported fatal accidents exist, but these are widely believed to be due to secondary infections and sepsis rather than the toxin itself.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲大西洋地中海北海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 14 根香蕉一樣重

跟 12 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 30 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Greater weever 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

Greater weever 大約 6 km/h (3,7 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its venom glands sit in the skin, and the sting works through a groove along each spine that carries the venom into the wound.1

It is classed as one of the most venomous fishes in the Mediterranean.1

The record weight is 1.74 kg, for a specimen caught off La Gomera in the Canary Islands in 2005.1

Its diet changes with size: small mysids are the most common prey for fish under 20 cm, while cephalopods and fish make up a bigger share of the diet in larger fish.1

破解迷思

迷思： A weever sting is often thought to be fatal because of the venom itself.

真相： Reported fatal accidents are widely believed to be caused by secondary infections and sepsis rather than the toxin itself.1

給毒液專家

學名: Trachinus draco
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Trachinidae2
排序: Perciformes
各大洲: 大西洋, 地中海, 北海, 海洋
寶寶: It is egg-laying and releases its eggs into open water, where each egg is 4.8–6.8 mm across and hatches after about three months. It is not known to provide any parental care.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3