第 1261 號，共 1 402 號

Horn shark

Heterodontus francisci

名字的由來： The scientific name francisci refers to San Francisco, although the shark's range does not reach that far north.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The horn shark is a small shark with a blunt head and two tall fins, each with a large spine at the front. It lives along the western coast of North America, from California to the Gulf of California. It spends its days hidden in caves and crevices and hunts at night.1

分布在

Eastern Pacific coast of North America, from Monterey Bay in California south to the Gulf of California1

太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣

首頁

Adults live in shallower water, usually 2 to 11 m deep, on rocky reefs and in algae beds. Juveniles prefer sandy flats in deeper water, 40 to 150 m deep. In winter, adults move to water deeper than 30 m.1

長度

1,2 m (3,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 20 km/h（12 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Adults eat mostly hard-shelled molluscs, sea urchins and crustaceans, which they crush with their flat back teeth. They suck prey out of the sand and rocks, and can lever loose prey free with their body.1

Horn shark 的照片 — Horn shark。照片：Chad King / SIMoN NOAA, no known copyright restrictions (public domain)。 Public domain, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Short, blunt head with low ridges over the eyes1
Two high dorsal fins, each with large, stout spines at the front1
Brown or grey body with many small dark spots, though older sharks may have no spots1
Yellowish underside1
Usually about 1 m long, and most do not exceed this length1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

Horn sharks are harmless unless they are harassed. They are not targeted by commercial or recreational fisheries, though small numbers are caught by accident.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

During the day they stay still in hiding places, but they swim away quickly if disturbed.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋加利福尼亞灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 9 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Horn shark 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Horn shark 大約 20 km/h (12 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

For its size, the horn shark has the strongest bite of any shark that has been measured.1

To pull prey loose, the shark pushes its head up with a downward stroke of its tail. No other shark has been seen doing this.1

Large horn sharks that eat many sea urchins can have purple-stained teeth and fin spines.1

A Pacific angelshark was filmed trying to swallow a juvenile horn shark, but spat it out because of the spines.1

Horn sharks have only 148 electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini), far fewer than most sharks, which may have over 2,000. They rely mainly on smell to find food.1

A dropped tooth takes about 4 weeks to be replaced.1

給毒液專家

學名: Heterodontus francisci
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Heterodontidae2
排序: Heterodontiformes
各大洲: 太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣, 海洋
寶寶: They lay eggs. From February to April, females lay up to 24 eggs, two at a time, every 11 to 14 days, and wedge the egg cases into crevices to protect them.1
牠在野外的狀況: Insufficient data (IUCN); population listed as stable on 10 October 20251
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3