第 1241 號，共 1 402 號

Kuhl's maskray

Neotrygon kuhlii

名字的由來： The 'maskray' part of its name comes from the colour pattern around its eyes. 'Kuhl's' honours Heinrich Kuhl, who discovered it in Java, Indonesia.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

有毒液的魚

螫吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Kuhl's maskray is a flat, diamond-shaped stingray with green skin and blue spots. It lives on sandy and muddy seabeds in warm coastal waters from Indonesia to Japan and around most of Australia. Its tail has venomous spines, so it is important to know what it looks like and to keep a safe distance.1

分布在

Indonesia to Japan, most of Australia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Somalia, South Africa's east coast, India and much of Asian coastal waters1

印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 安達曼海, 南海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣

首頁

It is usually found in waters less than 90 m deep, on sand and mudflats, and also near rocky coral reefs and seagrass beds. At high tide it moves into shallow lagoons and reef flats.1

長度

70 cm (2,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 15 km/h（9,3 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats shrimp, small bony fish, molluscs, crabs and worms. It pins its prey to the seabed with its fins, then crushes it with its plate-like teeth.1

Kuhl's maskray 的照片 — Kuhl's maskray。照片：Elias Levy。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Flat, diamond-shaped (rhomboid) body that is dark green with blue spots1
Light white underside1
Very short snout with an angular disc1
Bright yellow eyes1
Long tail, about twice the length of the body, with two venomous spines at its base, one large and one medium in size1

常被誤認為： It is often confused with the blue-spotted ribbontail ray, which is common in aquaria. The ribbontail has a rounded body, brighter green colouring and more vivid spots. Kuhl's maskray is larger.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains serotonin, 5' nucleotidase and phosphodiesterase. These are active compounds that act on the body's tissues.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

It is very venomous. Its barb can be about 30 cm long.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its bright colouring warns predators of its venomous spines. It buries itself in sand to hide from predators.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海南海菲律賓海安達曼海帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 12 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Kuhl's maskray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Kuhl's maskray 大約 15 km/h (9,3 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Large sharks such as hammerhead sharks prey on it. A hammerhead pins it down with its head while the ray is in shock and much weaker.1

Its tail is about twice as long as its body and carries two venomous spines.1

Unlike most stingrays, which bury themselves to hunt, Kuhl's maskray buries itself in sand only to hide from predators.1

Its skin is used to make drums, such as the Arab and Turkish darbuka goblet drum and the riq tambourine.1

Two short peptides found in its hydrolysed proteins have shown protective effects against the oxidation of lipids, DNA and proteins. They may be useful as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals.1

給毒液專家

學名: Neotrygon kuhlii
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 安達曼海, 南海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶: It gives birth to live young. The embryos develop inside eggs held in the mother's body and are fed by uterine fluid. A litter can have up to seven pups, each 15 to 33 cm long at birth.1
壽命: 大約 13 年1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3