第 0580 號，共 1 402 號

Lichtenstein's green racer

Philodryas olfersii

名字的由來： The specific name, olfersii, honours the German naturalist Ignaz von Olfers.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

後毒牙蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Lichtenstein's green racer is a long, green snake with a rear-fanged bite. It lives in parts of southern South America, including northern Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and northwestern Paraguay. It is venomous, and its bite can cause serious harm, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

分布在

Northern Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and northwestern Paraguay in southern South America1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in many habitat types, including the Cerrado, Caatinga, forest, forest transition and restinga. It has been found from sea level up to 1,700 m (5,600 ft). It is often arboreal, meaning it spends much of its time in trees, but it also hunts on the ground.1

長度

1 m 到 1,5 m (3,3 ft 到 4,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 5,5 km/h（3,4 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small rodents, lizards, amphibians and birds, especially nestlings. It will also eat other snakes, including some almost as large as itself.1

Lichtenstein's green racer 的照片 — Lichtenstein's green racer。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Green on the upper body1
Yellowish on the underside1
Smooth scales, with no pits, arranged in 19 rows at midbody1
Reaches 1 to 1.5 m (about 40 to 60 inches) in total length, including the tail1
Active during the day, though it has been seen mating late in the evening1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is highly haemorrhagic, which means it causes bleeding, and it also breaks down fibrinogen, a protein needed for clotting. It also contains neurotoxic components that affect the nerves, and it is myotoxic, meaning it damages muscle. Common symptoms are pain, swelling, redness and bruising, and bruising can spread far from the bite, even up the arm or to the chest and abdomen.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Accidents are generally not serious, because the snake has difficulty injecting venom and produces only small amounts. However, there have been reports of serious bites needing medical treatment. In one recent severe case, the snake was allowed to bite for a long time, and the victim developed clotting problems, liver damage and severe swelling. Only one death has been reported, and it was a child.1

如果牠咬人

Serious bites need medical treatment. The antivenom made for Bothrops snakes is not suitable for bites from this snake.1
清洗咬傷處，讓傷者保持冷靜，並且就醫。有些種類（例如非洲樹蛇）可能在幾個小時後才致命。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 8 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 65 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Lichtenstein's green racer 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Lichtenstein's green racer 大約 5,5 km/h (3,4 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In laboratory mice, its venom had a lethality equivalent to that of Bothrops asper, a pit viper.1

It is rear-fanged, so its fangs are at the back of the mouth, and it chews venom into its prey through a grooved tooth.1

The venom is made in the Duvernoy's gland at the back of the mouth, and the snake must work hard to deliver it.1

破解迷思

迷思： Bites from this snake are never serious.

真相： Most accidents are not serious, because the snake struggles to inject venom. Still, serious bites have happened, and one child has died, so any bite needs medical attention.1

給毒液專家

學名: Philodryas olfersii
類群: 後毒牙蛇
家人: Colubridae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: It lays eggs. Each egg is about 5 cm (about 2 inches) long, and a clutch contains 4 to 11 eggs, with larger females laying more.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3