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Golden lancehead 的卡通圖
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Golden lancehead

Bothrops insularis
名字的由來： Its common name comes from the light yellowish-brown colour of its underside and from its lance-shaped head, which is typical of the genus Bothrops.1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。
蝮蛇 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The golden lancehead is an extremely venomous pit viper that lives only on one small Brazilian island, Ilha da Queimada Grande. It is one of the most venomous snakes in Latin America. Because the island is uninhabited and closed to visitors, it is very unlikely that people will ever meet one.1

分布在
Ilha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Found nowhere else in the wild.1
南美洲
首頁
The island has forest, clearings and shrubs, and a mild climate that stays between 18 °C and just over 22 °C. The rocky terrain makes the island hard to reach, and no humans or other mammals live there. The snake hunts in trees and shelters in leaf litter or rock crevices.1
長度
70 cm 到 1,2 m (2,3 ft 到 3,9 ft)1
最高速度
大約 3,5 km/h（2,2 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
Adults mostly eat perching birds and also lizards, and may sometimes eat other golden lanceheads. After biting prey, it keeps the animal in its mouth instead of releasing it and tracking it, which is thought to suit hunting birds.1
是真的！Golden lancehead 的照片
Golden lancehead。照片：Nayeryouakim。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Pale yellowish-brown body with a series of dorsal blotches that may be triangular or square.1
  • Belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream.1
  • Lance-shaped head that comes to a point at the nose.1
  • No well-defined stripe running behind the eye.1
  • Has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

常被誤認為： Its closest relative is B. jararaca, which lives in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The golden lancehead can be told apart from it mainly by its longer tail.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is adapted to the animals of the island, mainly reptiles, arthropods and migrating birds, so it works better on these than on mammals. Chemical analysis suggests it is five times as potent as the venom of B. jararaca and is the fastest-acting venom in the genus Bothrops. Its venom becomes more potent as the snake matures. Effects reported in envenomations include swelling, pain, nausea, vomiting, blood blisters, bruising, bleeding into the gut and brain, kidney failure and severe muscle damage.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

No official report of a human bite from this species has been made, because the island is uninhabited. Other lanceheads cause more human deaths than any other group of snakes in North or South America. One researcher reports four human envenomations by this species, three of which were fatal. For lanceheads in general, the mortality rate is 0.5 to 3.0% with treatment and 7.0% without it.1

如果牠咬人

  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Golden lancehead 大約 1,2 m 長 (3,9 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)一個大人 大約 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 100 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Golden lancehead 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Its venom is thought to be five times as potent as that of its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

2

Its venom has evolved to suit the animals of its island, which has no native mammals.1

3

Its tail is longer than that of its closest relative, which may help it climb through trees and catch larger birds from a younger age.1

4

The island's population was estimated at between 2,414 and 2,899 snakes in 2021.1

5

Travel to the island is strictly prohibited by the Brazilian government.1

6

It is found only on Ilha da Queimada Grande, an island of about 43 hectares, and nowhere else in the wild.1

給毒液專家

學名
Bothrops insularis
類群
蝮蛇
家人
Viperidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
南美洲
寶寶
Like most vipers, it gives birth to live young. The average number of young per pregnancy is 6.5.1
牠在野外的狀況
Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Golden lancehead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bothrops insularis (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 蝮蛇

Terciopelo蝮蛇致命Eyelash viper蝮蛇可能致命South American bushmaster蝮蛇可能致命Common lancehead蝮蛇致命Jararaca蝮蛇可能致命Jararacussu蝮蛇可能致命

也分布在: 南美洲

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