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South American bushmaster 的卡通圖
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South American bushmaster

Lachesis muta
名字的由來： Its scientific name comes from Lachesis, one of the three Fates in Greek mythology, and muta, Latin for "dumb" or "mute", because it has no rattle.1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。
蝮蛇 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The South American bushmaster is one of the longest vipers in the world, and it is the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere. It lives in the equatorial forests east of the Andes and on the island of Trinidad. Its bite is dangerous, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在
South America, in equatorial forests east of the Andes, and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean1
南美洲
首頁
It lives in primary and secondary forests and in nearby fields and cleared areas. In Trinidad it tends to prefer hilly and mountainous regions. In Ilhéus, Brazil, a child was bitten after stepping on one on the way out of a house.1
長度
2 m 到 3,6 m (6,6 ft 到 12 ft)1
體重
3 kg 到 5 kg (6,6 lb 到 11 lb)1
最高速度
大約 5,1 km/h（3,2 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats mainly rats and mice. Birds and reptiles are sometimes eaten. Spiny rats are favoured prey in Costa Rica, and rice rats and agoutis are other favourites. It also eats porcupines, squirrels, opossums, squirrel monkeys and frogs.1
是真的！South American bushmaster 的照片
South American bushmaster。照片：Christopher Murray。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Its ground colour is yellowish, reddish or grey-brown.1
  • Dark brown or black blotches run along the body, forming inverted triangles on the sides.1
  • Adults are usually 2 to 2.5 m long, and 3 m is not unusual.1
  • The head is broad and clearly separate from the narrow neck.1
  • The tail is short and ends in a spine. When alarmed it vibrates the tail, which makes a loud rustling in undergrowth.1

常被誤認為： It is similar in appearance to rattlesnakes. It has no rattle, so its tail vibration sounds like rustling leaves rather than a rattle.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom breaks down tissue, stops blood from clotting, and can cause bleeding. It also has effects on the nerves. At the bite there is pain, swelling, bruising, blisters and skin death. Whole-body effects include low blood pressure, dizziness, vision problems, a slow heartbeat, vomiting, diarrhoea and kidney failure.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Its bites are often fatal. Lab tests show its venom is weak, but the mortality rate of bite victims is high. In reported cases, a 7-year-old boy in Brazil died about 15 minutes after being bitten, and a 5-year-old child in Mato Grosso went into shock about 30 minutes after a bite and died within 90 minutes.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened it vibrates its tail, which makes a loud rustling sound in the undergrowth.1

如果牠咬人

  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

South American bushmaster 大約 3,6 m 長 (12 ft)大人的腳踏車 大約 1,8 m (5,9 ft)一台汽車 大約 4,5 m (15 ft)

牠有多重？

跟 1 隻家貓一樣重
跟 4 隻狗從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 20 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長大約跟一隻家貓一樣重可以在 71 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

South American bushmaster 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

It is the longest viper in the world.1

2

It is the third longest venomous snake in the world, after the king cobra and the black mamba.1

3

Stress also lowers its venom yield. One specimen's yield fell from 233 mg to 64 mg while it was kept in captivity.1

4

Its name Lachesis comes from one of the three Fates of Greek mythology, who was said to decide how long a person would live.1

5

It rarely lives long in captivity, because stress makes it unwell.1

破解迷思

迷思： Its venom is weak, so its bite is not very serious.

真相： Lab tests show low toxicity, but bite victims die at a high rate, so the bite is very dangerous.1

給毒液專家

學名
Lachesis muta
類群
蝮蛇
家人
Viperidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
南美洲
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Lachesis muta (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Lachesis muta (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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