第 1242 號，共 1 402 號

Pelagic stingray

Pteroplatytrygon violacea

名字的由來： The scientific name comes from Greek words meaning 'wing' or 'fin', 'broad' and 'stingray', plus the Latin for 'purple', which refers to its colour.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

有毒液的魚

螫吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The pelagic stingray is a ray that lives in the open ocean rather than on the sea floor, which sets it apart from almost all other stingrays. It is found in warm waters around much of the world. It can give a severe sting with its tail spine, so it matters most to people who work on fishing boats.1

分布在

Worldwide in warm tropical to warm-temperate ocean waters, between about 52°N and 50°S1

大西洋, 太平洋, 印度洋, 地中海, 加勒比海

首頁

It lives in the open ocean, usually in surface waters down to about 100 m over deep water. It prefers water warmer than 19 °C and moves seasonally with warm water masses. People most often meet it as bycatch on fishing boats.1

長度

1,3 m (4,3 ft)1

體重

49 kg (108 lb)1

最高速度

大約 21 km/h（13 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is an active hunter that wraps its pectoral fins around prey and moves it to its mouth. It eats crustaceans, squid and octopus, bony fishes such as herring and mackerel, jellyfish and comb jellies, and polychaete worms.1

Pelagic stingray 的照片 — Pelagic stingray。照片：Diego Delso。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

The pectoral fin disc is a thick, wedge-shaped wing that is about one-third wider than it is long.1
It is a plain dark purple to blue-green above, with a slightly lighter shade below.1
The tail is whip-like, up to twice as long as the disc, with an extremely long, serrated spine about a third to halfway along it.1
Young rays are smooth-skinned, and small prickles and thorns appear with age.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is on the tail spine and is quite potent, which is why other fishes avoid it.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

It is rarely encountered except by fishery workers. Its tail spine can inflict a severe wound that can be fatal.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When captured and handled, it releases a thick black mucus that covers its body, and its tail spine delivers venom.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋大西洋印度洋地中海加勒比海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 2,5 隻狗一樣重

跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 8,6 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Pelagic stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Pelagic stingray 大約 21 km/h (13 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is the only stingray that almost exclusively lives in the open ocean rather than on the sea floor.1

Instead of rippling the edges of its disc like other stingrays, it swims by flapping its pectoral fins, similar to eagle rays.1

Both sexes have pointed teeth, which is unusual among stingrays. Only the teeth of adult males are longer and sharper.1

Females can store sperm inside their bodies for more than a year, waiting for good conditions before their young develop.1

A captive female reached 94 cm across and 49 kg, the largest individual on record from a rearing experiment.1

Oceanic whitetip sharks, great white sharks and toothed whales prey on it.1

給毒液專家

學名: Pteroplatytrygon violacea
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 大西洋, 太平洋, 印度洋, 地中海, 加勒比海, 海洋
寶寶: It gives birth to live young. Females may bear two litters of 4 to 13 pups per year after a gestation of 2 to 4 months.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3