第 1260 號，共 1 402 號

Port Jackson shark

Heterodontus portusjacksoni

名字的由來： The genus name Heterodontus comes from Greek words meaning 'different' and 'tooth', which refers to its teeth.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The Port Jackson shark is a bottom-dwelling shark that lives in the cool coastal waters of southern Australia. It is active mostly at night, when it hunts shellfish, sea urchins and fish. It is harmless to people, though its spines have a reputation that is not confirmed.1

分布在

Temperate coastal waters of southern Australia, from southern Queensland to Tasmania and west to central Western Australia.1

印度洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲

首頁

It lives on or near the sea bottom, mostly over rocky ground, though it also uses sandy, muddy and seagrass areas. By day it rests in flat areas that offer shelter from currents, including caves and under rocky outcrops. It usually lives at depths of less than 100 metres.1

長度

1,6 m (5,4 ft)1

最高速度

大約 22 km/h（14 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats hard-shelled molluscs, crustaceans, sea urchins and fish. It forages at night, when its prey is most active, and can suck in water and sand from the bottom to catch food. Black sea urchins are often eaten.1

Port Jackson shark 的照片 — Port Jackson shark。照片：Mark Norman / Museum Victoria。 CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Grey-brown body with dark brown, harness-like bands, including one that runs across the eyes.1
Large, blunt, flat head with raised ridges above the eyes.1
A spine at the front edge of each of its two dorsal fins, which are nearly equal in size.1
Front teeth are small and pointed, while back teeth are flat and blunt.1
Adults can grow up to 1.65 metres long.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The shark poses no danger to humans. In October 2011, a man was bitten at Elwood Beach near Melbourne, but the bite did not pierce the skin and he was able to swim away while the shark was still attached to his calf.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲南極洲印度洋南冰洋

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 9 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 8,2 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Port Jackson shark 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Port Jackson shark 大約 22 km/h (14 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It can turn its stomach inside out and spit out unwanted contents.1

It can breathe while lying still on the bottom. It pumps water in through its first gill slit and out through the others, so it does not need to swim with its mouth open.1

Juveniles have individual personalities. Some are bolder than others when exploring new places, and they respond differently to stress.1

Juveniles can learn to link bubbles, lights or sounds with food, and they can learn by watching other sharks.1

Adults are often seen resting together in caves, but juveniles do not seem to be social.1

Each year it migrates south in summer and returns north to breed in winter.1

破解迷思

迷思： Port Jackson sharks are dangerous to people.

真相： The shark poses no danger to humans. Its spines are rumoured to be venomous, but this has not been confirmed.1

給毒液專家

學名: Heterodontus portusjacksoni
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Heterodontidae2
排序: Heterodontiformes
各大洲: 印度洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲, 海洋
寶寶: It lays eggs rather than giving birth to live young. From late August to mid-November, the female lays pairs of eggs every 8 to 17 days, up to eight pairs in total, and the eggs take 10 to 11 months to hatch.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN Red List)1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3