第 1244 號，共 1 402 號

Round stingray

Urobatis halleri

名字的由來： The species name halleri honours the young son of Major Granville O. Haller of the United States Army, who was stung on the foot while wading in San Diego Bay.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的魚

螫吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The round stingray is a small, common ray that lives close to shore along the Pacific coast of the Americas. It is best known on the beaches of southern California, where people are sometimes stung when they accidentally step on one. Its sting is painful but not fatal.1

分布在

Northeastern Pacific Ocean, from Humboldt Bay in northern California south to Panama. Most common around southern California and the Baja Peninsula.1

太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣

首頁

It lives in warm coastal and bay waters, usually less than 15 m deep, over soft mud or sand, often among eelgrass. It also occurs around rocky reefs. People most often meet it on the beaches of southern California, especially the 'Ray Bay' at the northern end of Seal Beach, which is used as a nursery ground.1

長度

31 cm (1 ft)1

最高速度

大約 13 km/h（8,1 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Round stingrays feed mostly on benthic invertebrates (animals living on the seabed). Juveniles eat polychaete worms and small benthic crabs, and adults shift towards bivalve molluscs. They dig large pits with their pectoral disc and mouth to uncover buried prey.1

Round stingray 的照片 — Round stingray。照片：michael h j c from California, USA。 CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Nearly round pectoral fin disc, usually brown or grey-brown above with pale yellow spots or reticulations (a net-like pattern)1
Some individuals are plain or black1
Underside is white to yellowish1
Short, stout tail with a long, thick, serrated stinging spine1

常被誤認為： The Cortez round stingray (Urobatis maculatus) looks very similar and is sometimes sold under the same aquarium names. The round stingray can be told apart because it lacks the black spots on either side of its disc that the Cortez round stingray has.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venomous spine on its tail delivers a sting that is quite painful. The sting is not fatal.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Every year, hundreds of beachgoers along the coast of southern California are accidentally stung by round stingrays. The stings are painful but non-fatal. The injuries usually happen when people step on the ray.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋加利福尼亞灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 10 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 14 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Round stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Round stingray 大約 13 km/h (8,1 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The tail spine is shed and replaced regularly. For most of the year the ray has only one spine, but small secondary spines begin to appear in early July, and the replacement is complete by December.1

The species name honours a boy who was stung while wading in San Diego Bay.1

Females give off a weak electric field from near the spiracles behind each eye, which attracts males.1

Females can store sperm all year round.1

Their digging uncovers buried prey for smaller fish, which gives them an important role in the ecosystem.1

給毒液專家

學名: Urobatis halleri
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Urotrygonidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 太平洋, 加利福尼亞灣, 海洋
寶寶: Round stingrays give birth to live young, in litters of 1 to 6 (average 2 to 3). The young measure 6 to 8 cm across at birth, after a gestation of about three months.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN Red List)1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3