第 1193 號，共 1 402 號

South Australian cobbler

Gymnapistes marmoratus

名字的由來： The specific name marmoratus means 'marbled', because the fish looks marbled when preserved in alcohol.1

需要看醫生不要碰很少致命，但如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The South Australian cobbler is a marine fish with venomous spines on its head and fins. It lives along the temperate southern coasts of Australia, in shallow water and seagrass beds. Its spines make it a fish to keep well clear of.1

分布在

Temperate southern coasts of Australia, from central New South Wales to Perth, Western Australia.1

印度洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲

首頁

It is found in shallow inshore waters, tidal pools and estuaries, at depths of 0.25 to 35 m, usually in beds of seagrass. It is also taken as bycatch in commercial and recreational fisheries.1

長度

22 cm (8,9 in)1

最高速度

大約 4,5 km/h（2,8 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It is a nocturnal ambush predator that stays motionless during the day. Smaller fish eat mainly shrimp and small crabs, while larger fish eat more fish.1

South Australian cobbler 的照片 — South Australian cobbler。照片：Peter Crowcroft。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Mottled pattern of brown to dark brown blotches on the upper body, fading to pale underneath1
The blotches are less obvious in larger fish1
An obvious dark blotch on the dorsal fin, between the 4th and 7th spines1
A dark, oblong spot near the base of the pectoral fin1
Mostly scaleless body, with scales only along the lateral line1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is carried in spines on the head (infraorbital and preopercular bones) and in the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins. Stings cause severe pain and swelling around the affected area, along with nausea, sweating, paralysis of the limbs and fainting. In the worst cases the venom can affect the cardiovascular system, which controls the heart and blood flow.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

People who have been stung by this fish rarely die. Symptoms can nevertheless be severe.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is well defended by venomous spines on its head and fins.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲南極洲印度洋南冰洋

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 7 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 40 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

South Australian cobbler 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

South Australian cobbler 大約 4,5 km/h (2,8 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It can live for more than 14 years, and large individuals are much older than other species of the same size, because it grows slowly.1

It spends the day motionless and hunts at night, waiting for prey to come close.1

Its genus, Gymnapistes, comes from a Greek word meaning 'bare' or 'naked', which refers to its mostly scaleless body.1

給毒液專家

學名: Gymnapistes marmoratus
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Synanceiidae2
排序: Perciformes
各大洲: 印度洋, 南冰洋, 南極洲, 海洋
寶寶: Fish reach sexual maturity at 2 to 4 years old. In late winter and early spring, adults gather in very large groups in deeper water, thought to be spawning aggregations.1
壽命: 大約 14 年1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3