第 1238 號，共 1 402 號

Southern stingray

Hypanus americanus

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

螫吃：肉

The southern stingray is a flat, diamond-shaped fish that lives on the sea bed in warm waters of the western Atlantic Ocean. It hides under sand and mud and is famous for the venomous spine on its tail. Divers and snorkellers often meet it in the Caribbean.1

分布在

Tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic, from New Jersey to southern Brazil, including the Caribbean1

大西洋, 墨西哥灣, 加勒比海

首頁

It lives on the sea bed, often in shallow water, and can be found singly or in pairs. In parts of the Caribbean, such as Grand Cayman, Antigua and Turks and Caicos, people meet it at places like Stingray City, the Sandbar and Gibbs Cay, where it swims with divers and snorkellers.1

長度

1,5 m (4,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 22 km/h（14 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small fishes, worms, crustaceans and bivalves. It is an opportunistic feeder that digs and sprays water from its mouth or flaps its fins to uncover hidden prey.1

Southern stingray 的照片 — Southern stingray。照片：D Ross Robertson。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

A flat, diamond-shaped body that is more angular than other rays1
Top of the body is olive brown or green in adults and dark grey in juveniles1
Underside is white1
A slender tail with a long, serrated, venomous spine at the base1
Eyes sit on top of the head, with small breathing openings called spiracles behind them1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The barb on the tail is covered in venomous mucus. The spines are not fatal to humans, but stepping on one causes intense pain.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The spines are not fatal to humans, but they are incredibly painful if stepped on. They are used to defend the stingray against predators, including humans.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It buries itself in the sea bed to avoid predators and uses its venomous tail spines to drive them off.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲大西洋加勒比海墨西哥灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 8 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 8,2 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Southern stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Southern stingray 大約 22 km/h (14 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In shallow waters, birds follow the stingrays as they dig, eating the fish that the stingrays uncover.1

Its eyes and breathing openings sit on top of its head, so it can take in water while lying on the sea bed or buried in sand.1

It senses hidden prey through Ampullae of Lorenzini, which pick up the electric fields that prey give off.1

It is nocturnal, so most of its hunting happens at night.1

Female southern stingrays grow much larger than males.1

給毒液專家

學名: Hypanus americanus
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 大西洋, 墨西哥灣, 加勒比海, 海洋
寶寶: It gives live birth after a pregnancy lasting about seven to eight months. In captivity, a litter of two to ten young has been recorded.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3