第 1245 號，共 1 402 號

Yellow stingray

Urobatis jamaicensis

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

螫吃：肉

The yellow stingray is a small ray that lives on the sandy, muddy or seagrass bottoms of shallow coastal waters in the western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. It spends much of the day buried under sand or lying still. It can sting with a venomous spine on its tail, but it usually ignores divers unless it is stepped on or provoked.1

分布在

Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, from North Carolina to Trinidad, including Florida and the Bahamas1

大西洋, 加勒比海, 墨西哥灣

首頁

It lives in bays, lagoons, estuaries and low-energy surf zones, from the water's edge down to 25 m deep. It likes hard, rocky bottoms covered in small sea creatures, and also sand, mud and seagrass, sometimes near coral reefs. People are most likely to meet it in shallow water while diving or wading.1

長度

70 cm (2,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 14 km/h（8,7 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small invertebrates such as shrimps, and probably worms, clams and small bony fishes. It often settles on prey and traps it against the bottom, then moves it to its mouth with its disc. It may also wave the edges of its disc to dig pits and uncover buried prey.1

Yellow stingray 的照片 — Yellow stingray。照片：MattWright。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Nearly round pectoral fin disc with a short tail and a small, leaf-shaped tail fin.1
Pattern of spots and blotches, either light on dark or dark on light, which varies a lot between individuals.1
Can quickly change the tone and contrast of its colour to match its surroundings.1
Underside is yellowish, greenish or brownish white, with small darker spots near the edge of the disc and the tail.1
A serrated spine sits about halfway along the tail.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The tail spine is coated in potent venom. The wound it causes is extremely painful, but it is seldom life-threatening.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

It is not aggressive towards people. It injures people only when it is stepped on or otherwise provoked, and the resulting wound is very painful but seldom life-threatening.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened it mostly stays still, buried under sediment or lying in vegetation, and if stepped on or provoked it defends itself with its tail spine.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲大西洋加勒比海墨西哥灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 13 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Yellow stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Yellow stingray 大約 14 km/h (8,7 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It glows green when lit by blue or ultraviolet light, a effect called biofluorescence that may help it communicate and camouflage itself.1

It can raise the front of its disc to form a shaded 'cave' that draws in small creatures looking for shelter.1

Off Jamaica, up to one yellow stingray per square metre gathers under mangrove roosts used by cattle egrets, possibly because bird droppings feed the small animals that attract the rays.1

Its eyes give it a 360° view of its surroundings, and each eye has a covering that controls how much light enters.1

It can live for 15 to 25 years.1

破解迷思

迷思： Stingrays attack people in the water.

真相： Yellow stingrays generally pay little attention to divers and can be approached closely. They only sting when they are stepped on or otherwise provoked.1

給毒液專家

學名: Urobatis jamaicensis
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Urotrygonidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 大西洋, 加勒比海, 墨西哥灣, 海洋
寶寶: It gives birth to live young, with litters of up to seven. Females have two litters a year in seagrass beds after a gestation period of 5–6 months.1
壽命: 大約 25 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3