第 0451 号，共 1 402 张

Cantil

Agkistrodon bilineatus

名字的由来： The name cantil comes from the Tzeltal word kantiil, meaning "yellow lips".1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

蝮蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The cantil is a highly venomous pit viper, a type of snake that senses heat with pits on its face. It lives in Mexico and Central America, reaching south as far as Honduras. Its bite can be very dangerous, which is why it is so well known in the region.1

生活在

Mexico and Central America, south to Honduras. On the Pacific side, from southern Sonora in Mexico through Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras.1

北美洲

长度

80 cm (2.6 ft)3

典型成年个体大小

最高速度

约 3.5 公里/小时（2.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Juveniles eat frogs and lizards, while adults mainly eat small mammals and lizards in the genus Ctenosaura. Juveniles use their brightly coloured tail tip to lure prey.1

Cantil的照片 — Cantil。照片：User:Haplochromis。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Heavy-bodied, with a broad, triangular head and small eyes with vertical pupils.1
Usually brown or black, with darker brown or black banding, sometimes with white or cream accents.1
Yellow and/or white lines on the head, including a broader line on the upper lip.1
Juveniles are almost always distinctly banded, with bright green or yellow tail tips.1
Adults are often more faded, with their pattern and colour darkening as they age.1

常被误认为： It shares its general body structure with the copperhead and is in the same genus as the cottonmouth, so it is closely related to both.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Bites can cause local pain, swelling and discolouration, but bites from adults can cause massive swelling and necrosis, which is the death of body tissue. Symptoms reported in Honduras include severe pain, bleeding from the fang punctures, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, blood in the urine, shock and kidney failure. Some bites were fatal within only a few hours.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The cantil is feared throughout its range, and in Sonora, Mexico, it is feared more than any other reptile. In Nicaragua, it is considered the country's most dangerous snake. One researcher suggested that amputation may be needed in about one in six cases because of necrosis. It is generally shy, and its reputation for aggression is probably not well deserved.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It first relies on camouflage. If that fails, it coils tightly, raises the end of its tail and vibrates it to make a loud whipping sound, and may strike or gape, but only when it has no other choice.1

如果它咬人

A polyvalent antivenom, made by the Instituto Clodomiro Picado in Costa Rica, is used to treat bites from this species.1
让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 1.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 4 根香蕉首尾相接一样长100 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Cantil和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Cantil 约 3.5 公里/小时 (2.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Juveniles lure prey by waving their brightly coloured tail tips, which are bright green or yellow.1

Cantils are often captive-bred and are common in the exotic pet trade, although export from Mexico is not permitted.1

Cantils are well represented in zoos across North America and Europe.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The cantil has a reputation for having a nasty disposition and being extremely aggressive.

真相： This reputation is probably not well deserved. The cantil is generally shy and relies on camouflage first, and it only displays or strikes when it has no other choice.1

给毒液专家

学名: Agkistrodon bilineatus
类别: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Cantils are ovoviviparous, meaning they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs. They breed in spring and give birth to 5 to 20 young at a time.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Near Threatened (IUCN Red List). Its population trend is down, and its primary ecological concern is habitat loss.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3