第 1395 号，共 1 402 张

Grey side-gilled sea slug

Pleurobranchaea maculata

可致命不治疗可能致命。如果有人吃了它，赶快求助。

吃了有毒吃：肉碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

The grey side-gilled sea slug is a soft-bodied sea snail without a shell, found in the sea around New Zealand, south-eastern Australia and parts of Asia. It is poisonous rather than venomous: it does not bite or sting, but eating it can be dangerous. It became a public concern in New Zealand in 2009, when several dogs died after eating it.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

New Zealand, south-eastern Australia, China, Sri Lanka and Japan; introduced to the coast of Argentina in 20091

太平洋, 南大洋, 南极洲

首页

It lives between the tide marks in harbours and in the sea down to about 6 m, or deeper, off rocky coasts. It is often washed ashore during spring storms, so people may find it on beaches.1

长度

8 cm到10 cm (3.1 in到3.9 in)1

最高速度

约 0.5 公里/小时（0.31 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is an opportunistic carnivore that eats other soft-bodied invertebrates, especially sea anemones. It also takes marine worms, mussels, dead or dying animals, and other sea slugs of the same genus.1

Grey side-gilled sea slug的照片 — Grey side-gilled sea slug。照片：Lisa Bennett。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Mottled pale grey body, densely patterned with short, brown broken lines1
Wedge-shaped head with two sensory tentacles, called rhinophores1
Smooth body covering (mantle) with folds and puckers, and a foot that extends well beyond it1
No remnant of a shell1
Feathery gill tucked under the right side of the mantle1

毒力

吃了有毒

只有被什么东西吃掉时才有害。

它的毒会造成什么？

It does not have venom. Its harm comes from tetrodotoxin, a poison that attacks the nerves. In 2009, several dogs in the Auckland Region of New Zealand died of tetrodotoxin poisoning after eating this slug on beaches.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

In 2009, several dogs died in the Auckland Region after eating this slug, and children and pet owners were asked to avoid beaches. Recreational fishing was also interrupted for a time. Investigators found the slugs most likely picked up the poison from dead fish they fed on, and similar poisoning has not happened again.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人吃了它，或吃后出现症状：立刻拨打急救电话或中毒急救中心。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲南极洲太平洋南大洋

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 3 块玩具积木排成一排一样长

Grey side-gilled sea slug和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只花园蜗牛 约 0.05 公里/小时 (0.03 mph)

Grey side-gilled sea slug 约 0.5 公里/小时 (0.31 mph)

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its poison is tetrodotoxin, the same kind of toxin found in some pufferfish.1

It has no shell, although it is a type of sea snail (gastropod mollusc).1

It lives for 2 to 3 years and dies after spawning in winter.1

It has spread far beyond its native range, reaching about 2,000 km of the south-western Atlantic coast after it was first reported in Argentina in 2009.1

Its eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae that drift as plankton for about three weeks before settling.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Every grey side-gilled sea slug is dangerously poisonous.

真相： Differences in toxicity between regions are likely due to differences in diet, not to separate species. The poison most likely comes from the food the slug eats, such as dead fish.1

给毒液专家

学名: Pleurobranchaea maculata
类别: 其他有毒动物
家人: Pleurobranchaeidae2
排序: Pleurobranchida
大洲: 太平洋, 南大洋, 南极洲, 海洋
宝宝: It produces small eggs that hatch after about a week. The young live as plankton for about three weeks before settling on the seabed.1
寿命: 约 3 年1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3