第 1230 号，共 1 402 张

Hardhead catfish

Ariopsis felis

名字的由来： Its common name comes from a hard, bony plate on its head, which runs from between the eyes back towards the dorsal fin.1

只是会疼不要触摸会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

有毒的鱼

有毒的刺吃：什么都来一点

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The hardhead catfish is a sea catfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the northwest Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. It has sharp spines on its fins that can be venomous, so it is one to admire from a distance. Male hardhead catfish also carry their eggs in their mouths until they hatch.1

生活在

Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, from the southeast coast of the United States around the Florida Keys to the Gulf coast1

大西洋, 墨西哥湾, 加勒比海

首页

It is found mostly in near-shore ocean waters, and also in brackish estuaries and river mouths with sandy or muddy bottoms. It only occasionally enters fresh water. In winter it moves from shallower to deeper water.1

长度

25 cm到70 cm (9.8 in到2.3 ft)1

体重

5.5 kg (12 lb)1

最高速度

约 6 公里/小时（3.7 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats a wide range of food, including algae, seagrasses, crabs, shrimp, sea cucumbers, worms and small fish. It hunts on mud and sand flats, using its barbels to find prey in murky water. Younger fish eat small crustaceans, while adults mainly eat larger fish.1

Hardhead catfish的照片 — Hardhead catfish。照片：Edgar R. Waite。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Often dirty grey on top with white underneath.1
Four barbels (whisker-like feelers) under the chin and two more at the corners of the mouth.1
A hard, bony plate between the eyes and the dorsal fin.1
Sharp, barbed, slime-covered spines on the dorsal and pectoral fins. The dorsal spine stands upright when the fish is excited.1
Typically 25 to 30 cm long, and elongated in shape.1

常被误认为： The gafftopsail catfish looks very similar. The difference is that its dorsal and pectoral spines have a fleshy extension, like the fore-and-aft topsail of a ship.1

毒液之力

有毒的刺

锋利的刺带着毒液。踩到或抓住它会很疼。

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

No bite or death figures are given. Anglers generally avoid catching it because of the risk from handling the fish and its spines, and because its flesh tastes fishy compared with popular game fish.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When it feels threatened or excited, its dorsal spine stands upright, and its sharp, slime-covered spines are its main defence.1

如果它的刺扎到你

把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它的刺扎到你：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲大西洋加勒比海墨西哥湾

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 1.5 只家猫一样重

和 4 根香蕉首尾相接一样长差不多和一只家猫一样重30 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

Hardhead catfish和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

Hardhead catfish 约 6 公里/小时 (3.7 mph)

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

值得了解

事实

Male hardhead catfish are paternal mouthbrooders: they keep the eggs and young in their mouths, and do not feed while doing so.1

Some researchers suggest they may use low-frequency sounds to detect and avoid close obstacles, which is an unusual ability for a fish.1

They can make sounds by vibrating thin bones near the swim bladder, and by grinding their throat teeth or rubbing their pectoral spines. These sounds appear to be a fright response.1

Hardhead catfish respond to chemical alarm signals released by injured members of their own species, with their activity increasing right after the signal. They are the first marine catfish found to show this type of alarm reaction.1

They can live for over 24 years.1

给毒液专家

学名: Ariopsis felis
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Ariidae2
排序: Siluriformes
大洲: 大西洋, 墨西哥湾, 加勒比海, 海洋
宝宝: The male carries the eggs in his mouth until they hatch, which takes roughly 8 to 11 weeks in total. Females have 20 to 65 eggs per spawning.1
寿命: 约 24 年1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3