第 0660 号，共 1 402 张

Mediterranean recluse

Loxosceles rufescens

名字的由来： The specific name rufescens means "reddish", referring to the colour of the species.1

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

蜘蛛

咬伤吃：昆虫

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The Mediterranean recluse spider is a small spider that comes from the Mediterranean region. It has spread to many parts of the world through human travel and trade, and it is listed as one of the most invasive spiders in the world. Its bite can cause skin damage, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

生活在

Mediterranean and western Asia; now also Madagascar, south-east Asia, Australia, islands and North America1

欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲

首页

It usually lives in caves, basements and tunnels, and prefers warm, generally dry weather. Where it is not native, it is often found in damp places such as basements, where it hunts cockroaches and silverfish. In 2021, spiders of this species were found in a university library basement, which led to the library closing for two days.1

长度

7 mm到7.5 mm (0.3 in到0.3 in)1

最高速度

约 0.8 公里/小时（0.5 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is an active hunter that goes out at night to catch and kill insects, rather than waiting in a web. It mainly targets smaller insects, such as silverfish and cockroaches, because their soft bodies are easier to overcome.1

Mediterranean recluse的照片 — Mediterranean recluse。照片：Ludivine Lamare。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

A medium-sized spider with three pairs of two eyes arranged in a triangle, instead of the usual eight eyes1
A violin-shaped pattern on the front part of the body (cephalothorax)1
Adults of both sexes grow to about 7 to 7.5 cm... no, 7 to 7.5 mm long1
Its web is very thin and fragile, made of silk strands laid in a disorganised way1

常被误认为： It is nearly indistinguishable in appearance from the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa). Pest control for one can often be adapted for the other.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains an enzyme called sphingomyelinase D, which causes necrosis, meaning the death of skin and other tissue around the bite. Most cases are medically insignificant. In some cases, penetrating pain starts 2 to 8 hours after the bite, followed by burning, and the area becomes red and painful. A blister may form that turns dark blue with a sunken centre over several days. In rare cases, the blood and kidneys can be damaged, which can lead to kidney failure.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

Most bites are medically insignificant, but some people are affected much more seriously. In 2024, the species was blamed for the deaths of two people in Italy.1

如果它咬人

清洗咬伤处，用冰袋冷敷止痛。如果疼得厉害、疼痛扩散或感到不适，就去看医生。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

小到能坐在你的指甲上

Mediterranean recluse和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Mediterranean recluse 约 0.8 公里/小时 (0.5 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is listed as one of the most invasive spiders in the world.1

It can survive for long periods without food and water, which makes it hard to control in homes.1

Young spiders shed their skins several times as they grow, and these skins often look pale and ghostly.1

Males hunt more actively than females, partly because they are also searching for a mate.1

给毒液专家

学名: Loxosceles rufescens
类别: 蜘蛛
家人: Sicariidae2
排序: Araneae
大洲: 欧洲, 亚洲, 非洲
宝宝: Egg sacs contain about 40 eggs, which take a few weeks to hatch, depending on the temperature.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern (South African National Biodiversity Institute)1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3