Moses sole
The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

怎样认出它
- Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
- Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
- Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
- Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
- The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1
常被误认为: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1
毒力
它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。
它的毒会造成什么?
The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1
它对人有多危险?
对人的危险: 轻微像被蜜蜂蜇一下或更轻。对人基本无害。It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1
它害怕时会做什么?
When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1
注意安全
- 永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物,即使是很小的,即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
- 给它留出空间。如果遇到它,保持冷静,慢慢后退,让它走自己的路。
- 如果你碰了或吃了它:不要揉眼睛或嘴巴,洗手并就医。
它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。 更多安全知识
它有多大?
它有多长?
和 6 块玩具积木排成一排一样长Moses sole和你比起来有多大?
只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。
它有多快?
事实
One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1
Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1
Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1
Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1
Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1
事实的来源
- Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
- Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): 名称和分类。
- Venom Wiki: 危险等级、典型大小和速度估计都是我们自己给出的。看看我们是怎么算的: 我们如何评定危险.
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皮肤里有毒
如果有人碰了或吃了它