第 1193 号，共 1 402 张

South Australian cobbler

Gymnapistes marmoratus

名字的由来： The specific name marmoratus means 'marbled', because the fish looks marbled when preserved in alcohol.1

需要看医生不要触摸很少致命，但如果它的刺扎到你，要去看医生。

有毒的鱼

有毒的刺吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重如果它的刺扎到你，要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The South Australian cobbler is a marine fish with venomous spines on its head and fins. It lives along the temperate southern coasts of Australia, in shallow water and seagrass beds. Its spines make it a fish to keep well clear of.1

生活在

Temperate southern coasts of Australia, from central New South Wales to Perth, Western Australia.1

印度洋, 南大洋, 南极洲

首页

It is found in shallow inshore waters, tidal pools and estuaries, at depths of 0.25 to 35 m, usually in beds of seagrass. It is also taken as bycatch in commercial and recreational fisheries.1

长度

22 cm (8.9 in)1

最高速度

约 4.5 公里/小时（2.8 英里/小时）

游泳, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is a nocturnal ambush predator that stays motionless during the day. Smaller fish eat mainly shrimp and small crabs, while larger fish eat more fish.1

South Australian cobbler的照片 — South Australian cobbler。照片：Peter Crowcroft。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Mottled pattern of brown to dark brown blotches on the upper body, fading to pale underneath1
The blotches are less obvious in larger fish1
An obvious dark blotch on the dorsal fin, between the 4th and 7th spines1
A dark, oblong spot near the base of the pectoral fin1
Mostly scaleless body, with scales only along the lateral line1

毒液之力

有毒的刺

锋利的刺带着毒液。踩到或抓住它会很疼。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is carried in spines on the head (infraorbital and preopercular bones) and in the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins. Stings cause severe pain and swelling around the affected area, along with nausea, sweating, paralysis of the limbs and fainting. In the worst cases the venom can affect the cardiovascular system, which controls the heart and blood flow.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重如果它的刺扎到你，要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

People who have been stung by this fish rarely die. Symptoms can nevertheless be severe.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is well defended by venomous spines on its head and fins.1

如果它的刺扎到你

把伤口泡在热水里，水温以不烫伤为限、尽量热（先用你自己的手试一试），泡 30 到 90 分钟。去看医生，尤其是被石头鱼和魟鱼伤到时。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它的刺扎到你：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲南极洲印度洋南大洋

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 7 块玩具积木排成一排一样长40 秒就能游完一个大泳池（50 米）

South Australian cobbler和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在游泳的人 约 3 公里/小时 (1.9 mph)

South Australian cobbler 约 4.5 公里/小时 (2.8 mph)

一名奥运游泳选手 约 8 公里/小时 (5 mph)

值得了解

事实

It can live for more than 14 years, and large individuals are much older than other species of the same size, because it grows slowly.1

It spends the day motionless and hunts at night, waiting for prey to come close.1

Its genus, Gymnapistes, comes from a Greek word meaning 'bare' or 'naked', which refers to its mostly scaleless body.1

给毒液专家

学名: Gymnapistes marmoratus
类别: 有毒的鱼
家人: Synanceiidae2
排序: Perciformes
大洲: 印度洋, 南大洋, 南极洲, 海洋
宝宝: Fish reach sexual maturity at 2 to 4 years old. In late winter and early spring, adults gather in very large groups in deeper water, thought to be spawning aggregations.1
寿命: 约 14 年1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3