Venom Wiki / Zolengedwa zonse / Njuchi, mavu ndi mavu akuluakulu (hornets)

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Paulista wasp

Polybia paulista

ImangopwetekaImapweteka, koma sidzakuvulaza kwambiri.

Njuchi, mavu ndi mavu akuluakulu (hornets)

ImalasaImadya: Pang'ono pa chilichonse

Ngozi kwa anthu: YopwetekaIngathe kupweteka kwambiri, koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse si vuto lalikulu.

The Paulista wasp is a social wasp that lives in colonies of thousands of wasps. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Scientists are studying its venom because some of its peptides (small protein-like molecules) may one day help treat cancer and epilepsy.1

Imakhala ku

Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; especially common in São Paulo, Brazil1

Amereka ya Kumwera

Kunyumba

It lives in tropical areas and builds its nests where they are protected from weathering. Up to three colonies can share the same location, and swarms appear from time to time.1

Kutalika

1,1 cm (0,4 in)3

kukula wamba kwa nyama yaikulu

Liwiro lapamwamba

pafupifupi 22 km/h (14 mph)

Kuuluka, kuyerekeza chabe

Imadya chiyani?

Workers forage for water, plant fibre or pulp, animal protein and carbohydrates. Animal protein is used to feed the larvae, and adults feed mainly on cactus fruits when these are plentiful.1

Chithunzi cha Paulista wasp — Paulista wasp. Chithunzi: Douglas. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Mmene ungaizindikirire

Lives in a colony with a division of labour between young, middle-aged and older wasps1
Builds a nest with combs and envelopes, which are fixed to a surface1
Forms a tight cluster of wasps on the outside of a new nest while the inside has little room1
Found in tropical areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina1

Mphamvu ya ululu

Imalasa

Ululu umatuluka kudzera mu mbola.

Ululu wake umachita chiyani?

The venom contains several peptides. These cause pain, swelling (oedema) and haemolysis, which means they break down red blood cells. They also trigger an inflammatory response, which causes physical discomfort.1

Ndi yoopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Ngozi kwa anthu: YopwetekaIngathe kupweteka kwambiri, koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse si vuto lalikulu.

Imachita chiyani ikachita mantha?

Wasps use venom to defend themselves and their colony against predators, and workers defend the nest.1

Ikalasa

Chotsa mbola ya njuchi poikwangula ndipo ziziritsa pamalopo.
Ngati munthuyo akuvutika kupuma, nkhope kapena khosi zikutupa, kapena akumva ngati akomoka, ndi vuto ladzidzidzi la ziwengo (allergy): imbira nambala yadzidzidzi ndipo gwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wake wa adrenaline (adrenaline pen) ngati ali nawo.

Nthawi zonse yamba wayimbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911). Awa ndi malangizo wamba a chithandizo choyamba, osati malangizo a dokotala. Zoyambira za chithandizo choyamba

Khala wotetezeka

Usakhudze, kugwira kapena kuseweretsa nyama yakuthengo, ngakhale yaing'ono, ndipo ngakhale ikuoneka ngati yagona kapena yafa.
Ipatse malo. Ukakumana nayo, khala chete, bwerera m'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono ndipo uilole ipite njira yake.
Ikakulasa: khala chete, usasunthe, imbira nambala yadzidzidzi (112, 000, 911) kapena pita kuchipatala mwachangu. Kumbukira m'mene inkaonekera, chithunzi chimathandiza.

Sikufuna kukuvulaza. Imagwiritsa ntchito ululu wake kugwira chakudya kapena kudziteteza, ndipo imakonda kwambiri kubisala. Zambiri za kukhala wotetezeka

Kuti padziko lapansi?

Africa Asia Ulaya Amereka ya Kumpoto Amereka ya Kumwera Australia ndi Oceania

Ndi yaikulu bwanji?

Ndi yaitali bwanji?

yaing'ono moti ingakhale pa chikhadabo chakoingauluke kudutsa bwalo lonse la mpira m'masekondi 17

Paulista wasp ndi yaikulu bwanji poyerekeza ndi IWE?

Ndi masamu chabe mu msakatuli wako. Palibe chomwe chimasungidwa kapena kutumizidwa kwina.

Imathamanga bwanji?

Ntchentche pafupifupi 7 km/h (4,4 mph)

Paulista wasp pafupifupi 22 km/h (14 mph)

Munthu akuthamanga kwambiri pafupifupi 37 km/h (23 mph)

zoyenera kudziwa

Mfundo

A peptide in the venom, called Polybia-MP1, kills cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, according to research so far. Further studies are needed to confirm it is safe as a chemotherapy drug.1

The venom contains mastoparan, which has been shown to inhibit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease.1

Workers cool the nest by fanning their wings and spreading water on the combs, so the water evaporates and lowers the temperature.1

Colonies can contain from 10 to 94 queens, because young queens are constantly recruited.1

A colony can hold about 4,500 wasps during its early stage, and up to 13,000 wasps while males are being produced.1

Za akatswiri a ululu

Dzina la sayansi: Polybia paulista
Gulu: Njuchi, mavu ndi mavu akuluakulu (hornets)
Banja: Vespidae2
Dongosolo: Hymenoptera
Makontinenti: Amereka ya Kumwera
Ana akhanda: Queens lay eggs that develop into workers throughout the year, and they store sperm to fertilise the eggs.1
Ngozi kwa anthu: 2 / 5: Yopweteka3

Kumene mfundo zimachokera

Polybia paulista (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Polybia paulista (iNaturalist): mayina ndi magulu a sayansi.
Venom Wiki: mlingo wa ngozi, kukula wamba ndi kuyerekeza kwa liwiro ndi zathu. Ona mmene timazipezera: Mmene timayezera ngozi.

Mfundo iliyonse patsamba lino ili ndi nambala yosonyeza kochokera. Ngati talakwitsa, pepani, ndife okonda nyama, osati magazini a sayansi. Tiuze pa [email protected] ndipo tikonza.

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