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Àwòrán kátúùnù European paper wasp
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European paper wasp

Polistes dominula
Nípa orúkọ náà: It is called the European paper wasp because of its native range in Europe and its nests, which are made from paper and saliva. The species name dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress".1
Ó kàn ń dunniÓ ń dunni, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní ṣe ọ́ léṣe gidigidi.
Oyin, agbọ́n àti agbọ́n ńlá ÌtaniOúnjẹ rẹ̀: Kòkòrò
Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó ń dunniÓ lè dunni gan-an, ṣùgbọ́n kì í fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ le rárá.

The European paper wasp is a yellow and black social wasp that builds nests from chewed plant fibre mixed with saliva, which looks like grey paper. It lives in warm, temperate parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia, and it has spread to many other continents. It matters because it has become a common invasive species in North America.1

Ó ń gbé ní
Southern Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia; introduced to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the Americas1
Yúróòpù, Éṣíà, Áfíríkà
Ilé
It generally lives in temperate, land habitats such as chaparral, forest and grassland. It often nests on and around human buildings and structures, which give shelter and are close to food.1
Gígùn
8.5 mm sí 1.3 cm (0.3 in sí 0.5 in)1
Ìyára gíga jùlọ
nǹkan bí 25 km/h (16 mph)
Ó ń fò, àfojúbù
Kí ni ó máa ń jẹ?
It eats many different types of insects, which is more varied than most Polistes wasps, and this gives it an advantage when food is scarce.1
Ní tòótọ́!Fọ́tò European paper wasp
European paper wasp. Fọ́tò: Bill Keim. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Bí o ṣe lè dá a mọ̀

  • Its body is coloured entirely yellow and black.1
  • The female's mandible (jaw) is black and sometimes has a yellow spot.1
  • The outer half of the antennae (feelers) is orange-yellow.1
  • Wings are about 8.5 to 13 mm long, with little variation between individuals.1
  • Males have curled antennae and no stinger.1

A sábà máa ń ṣì í mọ̀ sí: Its yellow and black body is similar to that of Vespula germanica, one of the most common and defensive wasps in its native range. In older literature it was often confused with Polistes gallicus, which is now recognised as a separate species.1

Agbára oró

Ìtani

Oró ń jáde láti inú ohun ìtani.

Báwo ló ṣe léwu tó fún ènìyàn?

Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó ń dunniÓ lè dunni gan-an, ṣùgbọ́n kì í fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ le rárá.

Kí ni ó máa ń ṣe nígbà tí ẹ̀rù bá bà á?

Its bright yellow and black colouring is a warning colour, and its nests are built in well-protected places to help it avoid predators.1

Bí ó bá ta ni

  • Ha ẹ̀gún ìtani oyin jáde kí o sì tu ibẹ̀ lára.
  • Bí ẹni náà bá ń mí pẹ̀lú ìṣòro, tí ojú tàbí ọ̀fun rẹ̀ wú, tàbí tí ó ń fẹ́ dákú, pàjáwìrì àléjì ni: pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ kí o sì lo kálámù abẹ́rẹ́ adrenaline rẹ̀ (auto-injector) bí ó bá ní ọ̀kan.

Máa kọ́kọ́ pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ nígbà gbogbo (112, 000, 911). Èyí jẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́ gbogbogbò, kì í ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìṣègùn. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́

Wà láìléwu

  • Má ṣe fọwọ́ kan, mú tàbí yọ ẹranko igbó lẹ́nu láéláé, kódà bí ó bá kéré, kódà bí ó bá dà bí ẹni pé ó ń sùn tàbí ó ti kú.
  • Fún un ní àyè. Bí o bá pàdé ọ̀kan, farabalẹ̀, sẹ́yìn díẹ̀díẹ̀ kí o sì jẹ́ kí ó máa bá ọ̀nà rẹ̀ lọ.
  • Bí ọ̀kan bá ta ọ́: farabalẹ̀, má ṣe mira, pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ (112, 000, 911) tàbí lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá. Rántí bí ó ṣe rí, fọ́tò máa ń ṣèrànwọ́.

Kò wá ọ kiri láti ṣe ọ́ léṣe. Ó ń lo oró rẹ̀ láti mú oúnjẹ tàbí láti dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀, ó sì fẹ́ràn láti farapamọ́ jù. Sí i nípa wíwà láìléwu

Níbo ní ayé?

ÁfíríkàÉṣíàYúróòpùÀríwá Amẹ́ríkàGúúsù Amẹ́ríkàỌsirélíà àti Òṣéáníà

Báwo ló ṣe tóbi tó?

Báwo ló ṣe gùn tó?

European paper wasp gígùn rẹ̀ tó nǹkan bí 1.3 cm (0.5 in)Hóró ìrẹsì kan nǹkan bí 7 mm (0.3 in)Ẹyọ owó yúrò 1 nǹkan bí 2.3 cm (0.9 in)
ó kéré débi pé ó lè jókòó lórí èékánná rẹlè fò kọjá gbogbo pápá bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 15

Báwo ni European paper wasp ṣe tóbi tó tí a bá fi wé ÌWỌ?

Ìṣirò nìkan nínú bráwúsà rẹ. A kò fi ohunkóhun pamọ́, a kò sì fi ránṣẹ́ sí ibikíbi.

Báwo ló ṣe yára tó?

ó yẹ ní mímọ̀

Òtítọ́

1

Its colonies can include many unrelated wasps: about 35% of the wasps in a colony are unrelated, which is unusual for social insects.1

2

Males' abdominal spots vary in size, location and pattern, and they signal social rank within the colony.1

3

If the queen is removed from a nest, the second most dominant female takes over her role.1

4

In spring, some North American colonies have been seen with more than 80 wasps joining to reuse and expand an old nest.1

5

The first North American record was in Massachusetts in the late 1970s, and it had spread across the northeastern USA by 1995.1

Olùfọ́ àròsọ

Àròsọ: The species name is sometimes spelled "dominulus", as authors wrongly assumed the name was an adjective.

Òtítọ́: Dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress", so under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature it does not change when the species moves genus.1

Fún àwọn amòye oró

Orúkọ sáyẹ́ǹsì
Polistes dominula
Ẹgbẹ́
Oyin, agbọ́n àti agbọ́n ńlá
Ìdílé
Vespidae2
Ètò
Hymenoptera
Àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ńtì
Yúróòpù, Éṣíà, Áfíríkà
Àwọn ọmọ
Dominant females lay the eggs, and the queen starts laying in late March or early April.1
Ewu fún ènìyàn
2 / 5: Ó ń dunni3

Ibi tí àwọn òtítọ́ ti wá

  1. European paper wasp (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Polistes dominula (iNaturalist): orúkọ àti ìpínsísọ̀rí.
  3. Venom Wiki: ìpele ewu, ìtóbi déédé àti àfojúbù ìyára jẹ́ tiwa. Wo bí a ṣe ń ṣírò wọn: Bí a ṣe ń díwọ̀n ewu.

Gbogbo òtítọ́ ojú-ìwé yìí ní nọ́ńbà tó tọ́ka sí orísun rẹ̀. Bí a bá ṣe àṣìṣe, má bínú, olólùfẹ́ ẹranko ni wá, kì í ṣe ìwé ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì. Sọ fún wa ní [email protected] a ó sì tún un ṣe.

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Ó tún ń gbé ní: Yúróòpù

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