Venom Wiki
Venom Wiki / Gbogbo ẹ̀dá / Viper àti paramọ́lẹ̀
Àwòrán kátúùnù Spider-tailed horned viper
Nọ́. 0375 nínú 1 402

Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Nípa orúkọ náà: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Ó nílò dókítàKì í sábà pani, ṣùgbọ́n ìbùjẹ nílò dókítà.
Viper àti paramọ́lẹ̀ ÌbùjẹOúnjẹ rẹ̀: Ẹran
Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó le gan-anÌbùjẹ nílò dókítà. Ikú kò wọ́pọ̀ rárá.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Ó ń gbé ní
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Éṣíà
Ilé
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Gígùn
60 cm (2 ft)3
ìtóbi àgbàlagbà déédé
Ìyára gíga jùlọ
nǹkan bí 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph)
Lórí ilẹ̀, àfojúbù
Kí ni ó máa ń jẹ?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Ní tòótọ́!Fọ́tò Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Fọ́tò: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Bí o ṣe lè dá a mọ̀

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

A sábà máa ń ṣì í mọ̀ sí: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Agbára oró

Ìbùjẹ

Oró ń jáde láti inú eyín oró tàbí eyín rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó bá bùjẹ.

Kí ni oró rẹ̀ máa ń ṣe?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Báwo ló ṣe léwu tó fún ènìyàn?

Ewu fún ènìyàn: Ó le gan-anÌbùjẹ nílò dókítà. Ikú kò wọ́pọ̀ rárá.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Bí ó bá bùjẹ

  • Jẹ́ kí ẹni náà wà láìmira kí ó sì farabalẹ̀, jẹ́ kí apá tàbí ẹsẹ̀ tí ó bù jẹ wà ní ìpele ọkàn, yọ òrùka àti àwọn nǹkan tó há, kí ẹ sì lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá.

Máa kọ́kọ́ pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ nígbà gbogbo (112, 000, 911). Èyí jẹ́ ìtọ́sọ́nà ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́ gbogbogbò, kì í ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìṣègùn. Ìpìlẹ̀ ìtọ́jú àkọ́kọ́

Wà láìléwu

  • Má ṣe fọwọ́ kan, mú tàbí yọ ẹranko igbó lẹ́nu láéláé, kódà bí ó bá kéré, kódà bí ó bá dà bí ẹni pé ó ń sùn tàbí ó ti kú.
  • Fún un ní àyè. Bí o bá pàdé ọ̀kan, farabalẹ̀, sẹ́yìn díẹ̀díẹ̀ kí o sì jẹ́ kí ó máa bá ọ̀nà rẹ̀ lọ.
  • Bí ọ̀kan bá bù ọ́ jẹ: farabalẹ̀, má ṣe mira, pe nọ́ńbà pàjáwìrì rẹ (112, 000, 911) tàbí lọ sí ilé ìwòsàn kíákíá. Rántí bí ó ṣe rí, fọ́tò máa ń ṣèrànwọ́.

Kò wá ọ kiri láti ṣe ọ́ léṣe. Ó ń lo oró rẹ̀ láti mú oúnjẹ tàbí láti dáàbò bo ara rẹ̀, ó sì fẹ́ràn láti farapamọ́ jù. Sí i nípa wíwà láìléwu

Níbo ní ayé?

ÁfíríkàÉṣíàYúróòpùÀríwá Amẹ́ríkàGúúsù Amẹ́ríkàỌsirélíà àti Òṣéáníà

Báwo ló ṣe tóbi tó?

Báwo ló ṣe gùn tó?

Spider-tailed horned viper gígùn rẹ̀ tó nǹkan bí 60 cm (2 ft)Ológbò ilé nǹkan bí 50 cm (1.6 ft)Ajá kan nǹkan bí 1 m (3.3 ft)
ó gùn tó ọ̀gẹ̀dẹ̀ 3 tí a tò tẹ̀léralè sáré mítà 100 ní ìṣẹ́jú-àáyá 110 (ènìyàn tó yára jùlọ nílò 9.6)

Báwo ni Spider-tailed horned viper ṣe tóbi tó tí a bá fi wé ÌWỌ?

Ìṣirò nìkan nínú bráwúsà rẹ. A kò fi ohunkóhun pamọ́, a kò sì fi ránṣẹ́ sí ibikíbi.

Báwo ló ṣe yára tó?

ó yẹ ní mímọ̀

Òtítọ́

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Olùfọ́ àròsọ

Àròsọ: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Òtítọ́: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Fún àwọn amòye oró

Orúkọ sáyẹ́ǹsì
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Ẹgbẹ́
Viper àti paramọ́lẹ̀
Ìdílé
Viperidae2
Ètò
Squamata
Àwọn kọ́ńtínẹ́ńtì
Éṣíà
Ewu fún ènìyàn
3 / 5: Ó le gan-an3

Ibi tí àwọn òtítọ́ ti wá

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): orúkọ àti ìpínsísọ̀rí.
  3. Venom Wiki: ìpele ewu, ìtóbi déédé àti àfojúbù ìyára jẹ́ tiwa. Wo bí a ṣe ń ṣírò wọn: Bí a ṣe ń díwọ̀n ewu.

Gbogbo òtítọ́ ojú-ìwé yìí ní nọ́ńbà tó tọ́ka sí orísun rẹ̀. Bí a bá ṣe àṣìṣe, má bínú, olólùfẹ́ ẹranko ni wá, kì í ṣe ìwé ìròyìn sáyẹ́ǹsì. Sọ fún wa ní [email protected] a ó sì tún un ṣe.

Ebi ń pa àkekèé! Iṣẹ́ akanṣe ẹnì kan ṣoṣo ni Venom Wiki: ọ̀fẹ́ ni, kò sí ìpolówó, kò sì sí olùtọpinpin. Ẹ̀bùn kékeré ń ràn án lọ́wọ́ láti wà lórí íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì.Bọ́ àkekèé

Sí i láti inú ẹgbẹ́ kan náà: Viper àti paramọ́lẹ̀

Indian saw-scaled viperViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀ApaniPuff adderViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀ApaniParamọlẹ RussellViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀ApaniCommon European adderViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀Ó nílò dókítàEastern Russell's viperViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀ApaniNortheast African carpet viperViper àti paramọ́lẹ̀Apani

Ó tún ń gbé ní: Éṣíà

DeathstalkerÀkekèéApaniIndian cobraṢèbé, mamba àti kraitApaniKing cobraṢèbé, mamba àti kraitApaniAsian giant hornetOyin, agbọ́n àti agbọ́n ńláÓ lè paniKomodo dragonAlángbá olóróÓ lè paniSpanish flyÀwọn ẹranko onímájèlé mìírànÓ nílò dókítàMá ṣe fọwọ́ kàn án
Bọ́ àkekèéìgò ẹ̀bùn, ó ń jẹ́ kí ó jẹ́ ọ̀fẹ́