第 0003 號，共 1 402 號

Chinese cobra

Naja atra

名字的由來： The generic name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word nāgá, meaning cobra. The species name atra comes from the Latin ater, meaning dark, black or gloomy.1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇

咬

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Chinese cobra is a venomous snake from southern China and a few neighbouring countries and islands. It is one of the most common venomous snakes in China, and it has caused many snakebites there.1

分布在

Southeastern China, Hong Kong, Hainan, Taiwan, northern Laos and northern Vietnam1

亞洲

首頁

Its typical habitat is woodlands, shrublands, grasslands and mangroves. It is adaptable and can survive in many other kinds of habitat. It is terrestrial, so it lives on the ground, and it is active by day and at dusk.1

長度

1,2 m 到 2 m (3,9 ft 到 6,6 ft)1

最高速度

大約 7,5 km/h（4,7 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Chinese cobra 的照片 — Chinese cobra。照片：Lawrence Hylton。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

The hood marking varies. It can look like spectacles, a mask, a horseshoe or the letter O, and it is often linked to a pale throat area on at least one side.1
The body is iridescent black, with widely spaced yellow double lines running across it.1
The underside is pearl or slate-coloured. The upper colour is usually brown, grey or black, sometimes with narrow pale lines, which are especially clear in young snakes.1
Typical adults are 1.2 to 1.5 metres long.1

常被誤認為： It is sometimes confused with the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia). The Chinese cobra has lower counts of ventral and subcaudal scales, which are the belly and tail scales. Sex should be taken into account when comparing these counts.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The Chinese cobra is a highly venomous member of the true cobras. Local symptoms at the bite include darkening of the wound, redness, swelling, pain and numbness, and blisters and necrosis (death of tissue) almost always follow. Necrosis can last for years after the person has otherwise recovered. Whole-body symptoms can include chest discomfort, fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, loss of voice, weak limbs, unsteady walking, lockjaw and difficulty breathing.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

It is one of the most common venomous snakes in China and has caused many snakebite incidents there. Deaths occasionally occur, but they are much rarer than they used to be.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Adults can be aggressive, and young snakes are more nervous and more likely to be aggressive, but it usually escapes to avoid a confrontation.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。
如果毒液噴進眼睛，立刻用大量乾淨的水沖洗眼睛。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 11 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 48 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Chinese cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Chinese cobra 大約 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Necrosis from a bite can continue for many years after the victim has recovered in general.1

A snake kept at a snake farm gave an average venom yield of about 250.8 mg, of which about 80 mg was dry weight.1

Its fangs are always erect and sit at the front of the upper jaw, as in other elapid snakes.1

給毒液專家

學名: Naja atra
類群: 眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It lays eggs. Females lay between 6 and 23 eggs, usually from May to the end of July.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3