第 1337 號，共 1 402 號

Common toad

Bufo bufo

名字的由來： Its scientific name Bufo bufo comes from the Latin word for toad.1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈

皮膚裡有毒吃：肉有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The common toad is a stout, warty toad that lives across most of Europe, in western North Asia and in a small part of northwest Africa. It hides under stones and leaves by day and hunts slugs, beetles and worms at night. Its skin releases a foul-tasting toxin that helps protect it from predators.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Most of Europe, western North Asia (east to Irkutsk, Siberia) and northwest Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)1

歐洲, 亞洲

首頁

It is mostly found in forests with coniferous, deciduous or mixed woodland, especially in wet places. It also lives in open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and can be far from standing water. In spring, large numbers gather at certain breeding ponds.1

長度

15 cm (5,9 in)1

最高速度

大約 2 km/h（1,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats woodlice, slugs, beetles, caterpillars, flies, ants, spiders, earthworms and even small mice. Small, fast-moving prey is caught with a flick of the tongue, while larger prey is grabbed with the jaws and swallowed whole.1

Common toad 的照片 — Common toad。照片：George Chernilevsky, no known copyright restrictions (public domain)。 Public domain, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Greyish-brown, olive-brown or brown skin covered in small, wart-like lumps1
Bulging paratoid glands just behind the eyes, which are a clear sign of a toad1
Yellow or copper-coloured eyes with horizontal, slit-shaped pupils1
No tail, no teeth, and no neck visible between the head and body1
Walks slowly or makes short shuffling hops, rather than leaping1

常被誤認為： The natterjack toad is usually smaller and has a yellow band down its back. The European green toad has a distinctive mottled pattern. The paratoid glands of both of these run parallel to each other, not slanting as in the common toad. The common frog has a less rounded snout, damp smooth skin, and usually leaps.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The toad is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its paratoid glands and other skin glands secrete a noxious, foul-tasting substance containing bufotoxin, which is enough to deter many predators. Grass snakes seem to be unaffected by it.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When attacked, it inflates its body and stands with its hindquarters raised and its head lowered.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 5 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 180 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Common toad 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Common toad 大約 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Common toads have been recorded at depths of about 99 m in Loch Ness, Scotland, which surprised researchers because it is an air-breathing animal.1

Crows have been seen puncturing the toad's skin and pecking out its liver to avoid the toxin.1

They can live for about ten to twelve years in the wild and have survived for fifty years in captivity.1

Toads can see prey in low light where humans cannot see anything.1

Adults often return to the same breeding pond year after year, and over 80% of males marked as juveniles were found to return to the pond where they were spawned.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bufo bufo
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Bufonidae2
排序: Anura
各大洲: 歐洲, 亞洲
寶寶: The female lays eggs in gelatinous strings in the water. These hatch into tadpoles, which take several months to grow and sprout limbs before becoming tiny toads.1
壽命: 大約 10 年1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3