第 1345 號，共 1 402 號

European fire-bellied toad

Bombina bombina

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

皮膚裡有毒吃：昆蟲有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

The European fire-bellied toad is a medium-sized frog that lives in ponds and marshes across Central and Eastern Europe. It is famous for its bright red belly, which it shows off to warn predators that it is toxic. Its loud 'whoop' call is also distinctive.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Central and Eastern Europe, from eastern Germany to Russia's Volga District, south to Bulgaria and Turkey1

歐洲

首頁

It prefers lowland areas such as ponds and marshes with little woody vegetation. In larger lakes it stays at the edges, in reed beds and floodplains, where the water is 50 to 70 centimetres deep.1

長度

5,6 cm (2,2 in)1

最高速度

大約 2 km/h（1,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It feeds on many small invertebrates, especially springtails, beetles, flies and ants.1

European fire-bellied toad 的照片 — European fire-bellied toad。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Medium-sized frog, growing up to about 5.6 cm.1
Back colour can be grey, brown or green, and is covered in warts.1
Belly is red with thick black mottling.1
When threatened, it lifts its arms, sometimes flipping over, to show its red belly.1

常被誤認為： The yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) is closely related and the two can hybridise where they overlap. The yellow-bellied toad lives at higher elevations in ponds that dry up quickly, has longer legs and thicker skin, and cannot call as loudly.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The skin of this toad contains bombinins, which have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Its red belly warns predators that its skin is toxic.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened, it lifts its arms, sometimes flipping over, to expose its red belly and warn predators of its toxicity.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短可以在 180 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

European fire-bellied toad 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

European fire-bellied toad 大約 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The antifungal effect of bombinins in the skin makes them promising for use in food packaging to slow spoilage.1

A population in Lorraine, France, lives more than 500 km from its natural range, probably because people moved them there on purpose.1

Dozens of ponds dug in Funen County, Denmark, helped increase the population about five-fold in a decade.1

The prokineticin family of compounds was first discovered in this species and the yellow-bellied toad.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bombina bombina
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Bombinatoridae2
排序: Anura
各大洲: 歐洲
寶寶: Females lay up to 15 to 40 eggs, depending on their size. Tadpoles hatch in about a week and develop for about a month before metamorphosing at about 3.8 cm.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN), though it has suffered losses in parts of its range1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3