第 1363 號，共 1 402 號

Iberian ribbed newt

Pleurodeles waltl

名字的由來： Its English names, such as sharp-ribbed newt, come from the sharp ribs it pushes out through its sides when it is defending itself.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The Iberian ribbed newt is a salamander that lives in ponds and wells in Spain, Portugal and northern Morocco. It is the largest European newt species. When threatened, it can push its sharp ribs out through its skin, which gives it a way to defend itself against predators.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Central and southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and northern Morocco1

歐洲, 非洲

首頁

It lives mostly in water, in ponds, cisterns and old village wells. It prefers cool, quiet, deep water. In warmer seasons, when some water sources dry up, it moves to damp places under rocks or among plants.1

長度

30 cm (1 ft)1

最高速度

大約 0,5 km/h（0,31 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It feeds on insects, aquatic molluscs, worms and tadpoles.1

Iberian ribbed newt 的照片 — Iberian ribbed newt。照片：franciscodocampo。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Dark grey on its back and lighter grey on its belly, with small rust-coloured spots1
Usually 8 to 10 orange, wart-like bumps (tubercles) running down each side of the body1
Flat, spade-shaped head and a long tail, about half of its body length1
Males are more slender and usually smaller than females1
Larvae have bushy external gills and paler colours than adults1

常被誤認為： It is sometimes confused with the Iberian newt (Lissotriton boscai), a different species with a similar common name.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

When threatened, the newt releases a milky, thick poison from glands on its neck, back, sides and tail as its ribs push out. The poison coats the ribs, which can pierce the skin of a predator's mouth and inject toxins.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The rib defence is completely harmless to humans. The ribs cause only little harm to the newt itself, and its skin quickly heals without infection.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It tries to run away from predators first. If it cannot escape, it pushes its sharp ribs through its sides and releases poison.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 9 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長

Iberian ribbed newt 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Iberian ribbed newt 大約 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its ribs can push through its skin to act as a defence, a primitive and rudimentary form of envenomation.1

It is a model animal for regeneration research. It can regrow lost limbs, injured heart tissue, brain cells, eye lenses and parts of its spinal cord.1

This newt has been sent into space on at least six missions, starting in 1985.1

In genetic males and females, temperature can override sex chromosomes. Some ZW larvae reared at 32 °C (90 °F) become functional males.1

Its immune system, rib-coated collagen and antimicrobial peptides let the pierced skin heal quickly without infection.1

Females can keep live sperm in their cloaca for up to five months.1

破解迷思

迷思： The newt's ribs and poison are dangerous to people.

真相： The ribs and poison are a defence against predators. The rib defence is completely harmless to humans.1

給毒液專家

學名: Pleurodeles waltl
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Salamandridae2
排序: Caudata
各大洲: 歐洲, 非洲
寶寶: The young are born in water as larvae, breathing through gills. They lose their gills as their limbs grow and can then live on land as well as in water.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN, assessed October 2020)1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3