第 0496 號，共 1 402 號

Habu

Protobothrops flavoviridis

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬吃：肉

The habu is a venomous pit viper that lives on the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, including Okinawa and the Amami Islands. It is the largest member of its genus, Protobothrops. Its bite is serious, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在

Ryukyu Islands of Japan, including Okinawa and the Amami Islands1

亞洲

首頁

The habu lives on the larger volcanic islands, but not on the smaller coral islands. It is often found where palm forest meets cultivated fields, and also on rock walls, in old tombs and in caves. It often enters homes and other buildings in search of rats and mice.1

長度

1,2 m 到 2,4 m (3,9 ft 到 7,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 4,2 km/h（2,6 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

The habu hunts rats and mice, and it often enters homes in search of them.1

Habu 的照片 — Habu。照片：B. P. White。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Typically 120 to 150 cm long, including the tail, and slender with a large head1
Light olive or brown body with elongated dark green or brownish blotches1
Blotches have yellow edges, sometimes yellow spots, and often join to form wavy stripes1
Whitish belly with dark edges1
Crown of the head covered with small scales1

常被誤認為： In Okinawa Prefecture, the name habu can also refer to the Sakishima habu (Protobothrops elegans), also called the elegant pit viper. This is a different species.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is highly toxic and contains cytotoxin, which damages body cells, and hemorrhagin, which damages blood vessels and causes bleeding. A bite can cause nausea, vomiting and low blood pressure, and it can possibly cause death. Some victims have lost movement in their hands and legs, even after treatment.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Amami Islands have about two snakebites per 1,000 people, which is considered very high. The fatality rate is less than 1%. Bites are not life-threatening if the victim receives medical care promptly, but 6 to 8% of victims suffer permanent disability.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

The habu is bold and irritable, and it can strike quickly from a long reach.1

如果牠咬人

Get medical care promptly. With prompt medical care, bites are not life-threatening.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 13 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 86 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Habu 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Habu 大約 4,2 km/h (2,6 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

On Okinawa, habus are heavily collected to make habushu, a liquor made from awamori sake, which is said to have medicinal properties.1

Unlike most pit vipers, the habu lays eggs rather than giving birth to live young.1

Hatchlings are about 25 cm long and look the same as the adults.1

The small Indian mongoose was introduced to Okinawa in 1910 to reduce the habu population. The effects of this have not been studied, but similar introductions have harmed native wildlife.1

The habu is the largest member of its genus, Protobothrops.1

給毒液專家

學名: Protobothrops flavoviridis
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: Unlike most pit vipers, the habu lays eggs. Up to 18 eggs are laid in mid-summer, and the hatchlings are about 25 cm long and look like adults.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3