第 0513 號，共 1 402 號

Hump-nosed viper

Hypnale hypnale

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬

The hump-nosed viper is a small, stout pit viper with an upturned snout that ends in a hump. It lives in India and Sri Lanka, in jungle and coffee plantations. It matters because its bite can cause serious harm, and for a long time it was wrongly thought to be harmless.1

分布在

Peninsular India, up to the Western Ghats as far north as 16° N, and Sri Lanka1

亞洲

首頁

It lives in dense jungle and coffee plantations in hilly areas. It spends the day in leaf litter and thick bushes, and it is active in the early morning and at night. It is sometimes found basking on stream sides at sunrise.1

長度

30 cm 到 45 cm (1 ft 到 1,5 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,2 km/h（2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Hump-nosed viper 的照片 — Hump-nosed viper。照片：Ken-ichi Ueda。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Grey or greyish body with heavy brown mottling1
A double row of large dark spots running along the body1
A pointed snout that turns upwards and ends in a hump1
A brownish or yellowish belly with dark mottling1
The tip of the tail is yellow or reddish1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom causes coagulopathy, a problem with blood clotting, and acute renal failure, which is sudden kidney failure. If a bite is not treated within a few hours, it can be fatal to people.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Bites were once thought to be harmless, but they are now known to be serious. It is the snake that causes the highest number of recorded snake bites in Sri Lanka. It is now considered highly venomous and is one of the medically important venomous snakes in Sri Lanka and on the south-west coast of India.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When annoyed it vibrates its tail, a warning behaviour it shares with other pit vipers such as rattlesnakes, and it can make fast strikes despite being a slow mover.1

如果牠咬人

Bites need medical treatment within a few hours. An antivenom is being developed and tested in Sri Lanka.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2,5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 14 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Hump-nosed viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Hump-nosed viper 大約 3,2 km/h (2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

For a long time its bites were thought to be harmless, but they are now known to cause serious complications.1

It causes more recorded snake bites in Sri Lanka than any other snake.1

It vibrates its tail when annoyed, a behaviour it shares with rattlesnakes.1

Although it is a slow mover, it can make fast strikes.1

Females give birth to live young, with broods of 4 to 17 newborns.1

破解迷思

迷思： Its bites are harmless.

真相： Its bites can cause serious complications, including blood clotting problems and kidney failure, and can be fatal if not treated within a few hours.1

給毒液專家

學名: Hypnale hypnale
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It bears live young, usually from March through July. A brood ranges from 4 to 17 newborns, each about 13 to 14.5 cm long.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3