第 0512 號，共 1 402 號

Malayan pit viper

Calloselasma rhodostoma

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬吃：肉

The Malayan pit viper is a venomous snake of Southeast Asia. It lives in forests, farmland and plantations, where it hunts rats and mice. Its bite causes severe pain and swelling, so it is an important snake to recognise.1

分布在

Thailand to northern Malaysia, Java, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Nepal; unconfirmed reports from Myanmar, Sumatra and Borneo1

亞洲

首頁

It prefers coastal forests, bamboo thickets, unused and overgrown farmland, orchards and plantations, and the forests around plantations. People are most likely to meet it in these farming and forest edge areas.1

長度

91 cm (3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,5 km/h（2,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It searches for rats and mice, mainly in forests around plantations and in farmland.1

Malayan pit viper 的照片 — Malayan pit viper。照片：Gerard Chartier。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Reddish, grey or pale brown in colour on its back.1
Two rows of large, dark brown triangular blotches with black edges run down the back.1
A broad dark brown stripe runs from the eye to the corner of the mouth.1
Smooth scales and a pointed, upturned snout.1
Adults average about 76 cm long and can reach about 91 cm.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom causes severe pain and swelling around the bite, and sometimes tissue damage (necrosis), where body tissue dies. The venom acts on platelets, the small cells that help blood clot, and can cause dangerous blood clots. Symptoms are described as developing over time after a bite.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

In northern Malaysia it is responsible for about 700 snakebite incidents a year, with a mortality rate of about 2 percent. In a 2005 study of 145 patients in Thailand, 18.6 percent were left with permanently swollen limbs, and two patients died from brain bleeding. Many victims lose limb use or have limbs amputated when there is no antivenom or early treatment.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It has a reputation for being bad-tempered and quick to strike when disturbed.1

如果牠咬人

Get medical treatment as early as possible, as delays are linked to lasting limb damage. Antivenin is effective in reversing the blood clotting caused by the venom. Authors advise victims not to use traditional healers and to avoid overusing tourniquets.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 100 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Malayan pit viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Malayan pit viper 大約 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The venom of this snake is used to isolate an enzyme called ancrod, which doctors use to break down blood clots in patients.1

It is very sedentary, and has often been found in the same spot several hours after a bite involving a person.1

Bites happen throughout the year but mostly early in the monsoon season, in May and June.1

It is the only Asian pit viper with large crown scales and smooth back scales.1

給毒液專家

學名: Calloselasma rhodostoma
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It lays eggs (it is oviparous), and the female guards the eggs after laying them.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3