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Indochinese spitting cobra 的卡通圖
第 0007 號，共 1 402 號

Indochinese spitting cobra

Naja siamensis
名字的由來： The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra, and siamensis comes from Siam, the old name for Thailand.1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，或把毒液噴進你的眼睛，要趕快求救。
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇 噴射或吐出吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Siamese spitting cobra is a medium-sized snake that can spray venom from a distance. It lives in Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. It is special because it is a 'true spitter' that sprays venom into the face of a threat, and its bite can be dangerous to people.1

分布在
Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos; possibly eastern Myanmar; released in Taiwan1
亞洲
首頁
It lives in lowlands, hills, plains, woodland and jungle. It is sometimes drawn to human settlements because rodents are common around them.1
長度
90 cm 到 1,6 m (3 ft 到 5,2 ft)1
體重
1,6 kg (3,5 lb)1
最高速度
大約 7,1 km/h（4,4 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It usually feeds on rodents, toads and other snakes.1
是真的！Indochinese spitting cobra 的照片
Indochinese spitting cobra。照片：Navapol Komanasin。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Body colour ranges from grey to brown to black, with white spots or stripes.1
  • The black and white colour form is common in central Thailand. Snakes from western Thailand are mostly black, and those from elsewhere are usually brown.1
  • The hood mark may be spectacle-shaped or irregular, or missing altogether, especially in adults.1
  • It is medium-sized with a more slender build than most other cobras in the genus Naja.1

常被誤認為： The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) has a similar habitat, size and appearance, so it is easy to confuse with this species. This species is a 'true spitter' that sprays a mist, rather than the stream that many other spitting cobras produce.1

毒液力量

噴射或吐出

牠會對攻擊者噴出或吐出刺痛的液體。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is mainly a postsynaptic neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves, and a cytotoxin, which kills tissue. A bite causes pain, swelling and necrosis (death of tissue) around the wound. Neurotoxic effects can lead to paralysis and difficulty breathing. If venom is spat into the eyes, it causes immediate, severe pain and can cause temporary or sometimes permanent blindness.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The bite is potentially lethal to an adult human. Deaths usually happen through paralysis and asphyxiation (suffocation), mainly in rural areas where antivenin is hard to obtain. In one Thai hospital survey, neurotoxic signs appeared in 12 of 114 cases (10.5%).1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

At night it is aggressive: it stands its ground, rears up, displays its hood and spits venom, and it bites as a last resort. In daylight it is usually timid and seeks shelter in the nearest burrow.1

如果牠咬人或噴毒液

  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。
  • 如果毒液噴進眼睛，立刻用大量乾淨的水沖洗眼睛。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了，或毒液噴進你的眼睛：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Indochinese spitting cobra 大約 1,6 m 長 (5,2 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)一個大人 大約 1,7 m (5,6 ft)

牠有多重？

跟 13 根香蕉一樣重
跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 9 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 51 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Indochinese spitting cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Some hatchlings are about 32 cm long, and they are venomous from the moment they hatch.1

2

Its reported spitting range is about 1 metre, the shortest of any spitting cobra, although one researcher reports it may reach about 2 metres in a stream.1

3

It has been reported in Taiwan, where it was released into the wild as part of folklore Buddhist practices.1

4

The black and white form is so distinctive that it is the best-known colour phase, especially in central Thailand.1

破解迷思

迷思： It is the same animal as the monocled cobra or the Chinese cobra.

真相： It was once confused with these snakes, but it has been confirmed as a distinct species.1

給毒液專家

學名
Naja siamensis
類群
眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人
Elapidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
亞洲
寶寶
It lays eggs. A female lays 13 to 19 eggs, which hatch after 48 to 70 days depending on temperature. Hatchlings are independent and already have working venom systems, so they should be treated with the same respect as adults.1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Siamese spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja siamensis (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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