第 0008 號，共 1 402 號

Javan spitting cobra

Naja sputatrix

名字的由來： The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra, and sputatrix comes from the Latin for "spitter".1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，或把毒液噴進你的眼睛，要趕快求救。

眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇

噴射或吐出吃：肉

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Javan spitting cobra is a venomous snake that lives on the islands of Java, Bali and other Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is named for its habit of spraying venom at a threat instead of only biting. It is a medium to large snake, and adults can grow to nearly 2 metres long.1

分布在

Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, including Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Komodo1

亞洲

首頁

It is found mostly in tropical and wet forests, but it adapts to many habitats, including dry woodlands, cultivated hill country and, on Komodo, dry savanna and deciduous monsoon forest. It is a terrestrial snake, so it moves on the ground, and it is nocturnal, so it is active at night.1

長度

1,9 m (6,1 ft)1

最高速度

大約 7,5 km/h（4,7 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats mostly small mammals such as rats and mice, but also frogs, other snakes and lizards. The Komodo dragon preys on this cobra, making it easy prey for that lizard.1

Javan spitting cobra 的照片 — Javan spitting cobra。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Adults are usually a uniform yellowish, brown or blackish colour.1
Juveniles often have throat bands and lateral throat spots.1
When a hood mark is present, it is most often chevron-shaped (V-shaped).1
It has smooth, very oblique dorsal scales and expands a hood when threatened.1
The average adult length is 1.3 metres, with a maximum of around 1.85 metres.1

毒液力量

噴射或吐出

牠會對攻擊者噴出或吐出刺痛的液體。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains mainly cardiotoxins, which act on the heart, and smaller amounts of neurotoxins, which act on the nerves. Its venom has a strong anticoagulant effect, meaning it weakens the blood's ability to clot. The venom may be potent but may not be particularly rapid-acting.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Very few human deaths are attributed to this species.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is very defensive and readily spits venom when it feels threatened, and its hood expands as a warning.1

如果牠咬人或噴毒液

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。
如果毒液噴進眼睛，立刻用大量乾淨的水沖洗眼睛。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了，或毒液噴進你的眼睛：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 10 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 48 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Javan spitting cobra 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Javan spitting cobra 大約 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is one of the few cobras that can spit venom at a threat, and it does so readily.1

Cardiotoxins make up about 60% of its venom by dry weight, while neurotoxins make up only about 4.5%.1

The Komodo dragon preys on this cobra, which makes it easy prey for that lizard.1

Hatchlings are completely independent from birth, so no parent cares for them.1

破解迷思

迷思： Komodo specimens are reluctant to spit.

真相： Field observations suggest the opposite: they do spit.1

給毒液專家

學名: Naja sputatrix
類群: 眼鏡蛇、曼巴蛇和環蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: Females lay about 16 eggs on average, with clutches of 13 to 19 eggs, and the incubation period is about 88 days. Hatchlings are completely independent from birth.1
牠在野外的狀況: CITES Appendix II (not threatened with extinction now, but may become so unless trade is strictly regulated; commonly harvested for skins and occasionally found in the pet trade)1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3