第 0581 號，共 1 402 號

Patagonia green racer

Philodryas patagoniensis

名字的由來： The name suggests Patagonia, but most of its range lies outside that region.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

後毒牙蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The Patagonia green racer is a medium-sized snake with a venomous bite, though its fangs sit at the back of its mouth. It lives in open country across much of South America, from northern Argentina to northeastern Brazil. It is special because it hunts other snakes, including its own kind.1

分布在

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, in cis-Andean South America (east of the Andes)1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in open habitats such as the Patagonian steppe, Cerrado, Chaco and Caatinga, and in open areas of the Atlantic forest. It is terrestrial, but it forages mostly in trees and is active during the day.1

長度

1,5 m (4,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 5,6 km/h（3,5 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It preys on snakes, including its own species. Juveniles feed on ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals, while adults feed on endothermic (warm-blooded) animals.1

Patagonia green racer 的照片 — Patagonia green racer。照片：Guillermo Debandi。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Medium-sized, cylindrical and robust body with a moderately long tail1
Rounded snout and a medium-sized eye with a round pupil1
Smooth dorsal scales1
Brownish colour that helps it blend into its surroundings1
Active during the daytime1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

It produces toxic saliva from a gland called the Duvernoy's gland. The toxin is about 90% protein, mainly metalloproteinases (enzymes that break down tissue). Its effects are similar to those of Bothrops snakes, causing swelling, bleeding and tissue death. Its venom also contains neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) and myotoxic (muscle-damaging) components, which can cause neuromuscular block (signals from nerves to muscles are interrupted) and myonecrosis (muscle death).1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The species has difficulty injecting venom because of its rear fangs.1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，讓傷者保持冷靜，並且就醫。有些種類（例如非洲樹蛇）可能在幾個小時後才致命。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 8 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 64 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Patagonia green racer 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Patagonia green racer 大約 5,6 km/h (3,5 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is one of the few snakes that hunts other snakes, including members of its own species.1

Its diet changes with age: juveniles eat cold-blooded prey, while adults eat warm-blooded prey.1

Despite its name, most of this snake's range lies outside Patagonia.1

Females are longer in body and heavier, while males have longer tails.1

Its birds of prey predators include the barn owl (Tyto furcata) and the seriema (Cariama cristata).1

破解迷思

迷思： Its name means it lives in Patagonia.

真相： Most of its range is outside Patagonia. It is found across Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.1

給毒液專家

學名: Philodryas patagoniensis
類群: 後毒牙蛇
家人: Colubridae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: Reproduction is seasonal, with the vitellogenic (egg-yolk forming) season running from July to October.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3