第 0045 號，共 1 402 號

Red-headed krait

Bungarus flaviceps

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬吃：肉

The red-headed krait is a large, highly venomous snake with a striking look: a bright red head and tail and a glossy black body. It lives in lowland rain forests across Southeast Asia, including on some islands, and it is uncommon. It is a night-time hunter, and people rarely meet it.1

分布在

Southern Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, and parts of Indonesia1

亞洲

首頁

It lives in rain forests in lowland, hilly and mountainous areas, including some islands. It is hardly ever found near human homes.1

長度

1,2 m 到 2,1 m (3,9 ft 到 6,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 7,8 km/h（4,8 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats skinks, lizards, frogs, caecilians (legless amphibians), small mammals and snake eggs. It was once thought to eat mainly other snakes.1

Red-headed krait 的照片 — Red-headed krait。照片：Henning Larsen。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

A bright red head and tail1
A black body with a narrow bluish white stripe along the side1
Large, smooth, glossy scales1
Adults can reach 2.1 metres, with an average of 1.2 to 1.5 metres1

常被誤認為： It is similar to the blue Malayan coral snake, which is also venomous, and to the nonvenomous red-headed reed snake.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is a neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves. It blocks signals between nerves and muscles, causing paralysis. Victims can stop breathing, which can lead to death by asphyxiation. Between 20 minutes and several hours after a bite, drooping eyelids may appear, along with double vision, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, headache and excess saliva. Symptoms can then worsen as more muscles, including the jaw, become paralysed, and breathing can become difficult.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Bites are reported rarely, and the venom is little studied for this reason. It is not usually considered high risk to people in the daytime, because it is sluggish and hides. At night it is active and extremely dangerous.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When disturbed, it presses its head into the ground or hides its head within its flattened or rolled coils. Captives will generally refuse to strike until they have been teased for a long time.1

如果牠咬人

Get to a hospital fast. Neurotoxic symptoms can be treated in hospital with antivenin or with drugs that inactivate acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the chemical messenger between nerves and muscles. Symptoms may also settle on their own.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院：抗毒血清就是治療方法。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 12 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 46 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Red-headed krait 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Red-headed krait 大約 7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its venom contains a novel toxin called κ-flavitoxin, which blocks nicotinic transmission in autonomic ganglia, clusters of nerve cells that control automatic body functions.1

It has short, hollow fangs at the front of its upper jaw, and venom is forced out through a hole near the tip of each fang.1

It is partly aquatic and mainly active at night.1

It was once thought to eat mainly other snakes, but its diet is now known to be much wider.1