第 0526 号，共 1 402 张

Black-tailed rattlesnake

Crotalus molossus

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

咬伤吃：肉

The black-tailed rattlesnake is a venomous pit viper that lives in the south-west of the United States and in Mexico. It is known as one of the calmest rattlesnakes, and it relies on camouflage rather than confrontation.1

生活在

South-western United States (Arizona, New Mexico, west and central Texas) and Mexico south to Oaxaca, plus some Gulf of California islands1

北美洲

首页

It lives in grasslands, desert areas, and rocky and mountainous areas, as well as high-altitude forests. It has been recorded at elevations up to 2930 m. It is a primarily ground-dwelling species, but it is an able climber and an expert swimmer.1

长度

76 cm到1.1 m (2.5 ft到3.5 ft)1

最高速度

约 3.6 公里/小时（2.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Its main food sources are rodents, other small mammals, birds, and small reptiles such as small lizards.1

Black-tailed rattlesnake的照片 — Black-tailed rattlesnake。照片：Caudatejake。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Body colour ranges from yellows and olive greens to browns and black.1
The tail scales are entirely black, which gives the species its name.1
Often has a black band that runs across the eyes and down to the corners of the mouth, forming a facial 'mask'.1
Has a rattle made of keratin at the end of the tail.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is primarily hemotoxic, meaning it mainly acts on the blood and surrounding tissue, as with most crotalids (pit vipers). It is only about two-thirds as toxic as western diamondback venom. Because the venom is weaker, the snake has larger venom glands than most rattlesnakes in its region and injects large quantities into prey.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Bites are fairly rare, because the snake is considered one of the most docile rattlesnakes. The venom is generally not fatal to humans.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It normally tries to slither away when confronted, but it will rattle when cornered, and it relies mostly on camouflage to avoid discovery.1

如果它咬人

CroFab antivenom is often used to treat bites from this snake.1
让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 6 根香蕉首尾相接一样长100 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Black-tailed rattlesnake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Black-tailed rattlesnake 约 3.6 公里/小时 (2.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom glands are larger than those of most rattlesnakes in its region, which compensates for its weaker venom.1

It is considered one of the most docile rattlesnakes because of its calm demeanour and curious nature.1

In the spring and fall it is mainly active during the day, but in summer it becomes nocturnal to avoid the heat.1

In winter it hibernates in dens made and abandoned by other animals, often sharing them with other snake species.1

Its lifespan averages 15 to 20 years.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The number of segments in a rattle shows how old a rattlesnake is.

真相： Each time the snake sheds its skin, a new segment is added. Snakes can shed several times a year, and the rattle is fragile and can break, so its length is not an accurate guide to age unless the tip (terminal button) is intact.1

给毒液专家

学名: Crotalus molossus
类别: 响尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: The female gives birth to live young in the summer. Litters can have as many as 10 to 12 young but usually average four to six.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3