第 1355 号，共 1 402 张

California newt

Taricha torosa

名字的由来： It is also called the orange-bellied newt, after its bright underside.1

可致命不要触摸不治疗可能致命。如果有人碰了或吃了它，赶快求助。

毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈

皮肤里有毒吃：肉碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The California newt is a small amphibian with a warty grey back and a bright orange-yellow belly. It lives only in California, in the western United States. Its skin contains a powerful poison, so it is a good example of an animal you should look at but never handle.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Endemic to California, in the Western United States: the coastal counties and the southern and central Sierra Nevada1

北美洲

首页

California newts live in woodlands and chaparral near the small ponds and creeks where they breed. During the day they hide under rocks, logs or leaf litter. They travel to ponds, streams and slow-moving water to breed, especially during the wet season.1

长度

13 cm到20 cm (5.1 in到7.9 in)1

最高速度

约 0.5 公里/小时（0.31 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Its prey includes earthworms, snails, slugs, woodlice, bloodworms, mosquito larvae and crickets. Adults will also eat their own eggs and larvae, and in the Sierra Nevada they eat trout eggs.1

California newt的照片 — California newt。照片：Ken-ichi Ueda。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Warty, slate-grey skin on the back1
Bright orange-yellow skin on the underside1
Orange skin around the bottom of the eye (the rough-skinned newt has grey there)1
Eyes that stick out beyond the edge of the jaw when seen from above, giving the head a bullet-like shape1
Adults are about 13 to 20 cm long1

常被误认为： The rough-skinned newt looks very similar and is often hard to tell apart in the field. The California newt has orange skin around the bottom of the eye and eyes that stick out past the jaw, while the rough-skinned newt has grey skin there and eyes that do not stick out. The red-bellied newt has dark irises instead of yellow, more red underneath, and a dark band across the vent.1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

This animal is poisonous, not venomous, so it does not bite or sting. Its skin glands release tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin (a poison that attacks the nerves). It is hundreds of times more toxic than cyanide and is the same toxin found in pufferfish and harlequin frogs. It is strong enough to kill most vertebrates, including humans.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The toxin is strong enough to kill people. Because of their toxin, California newts have very few natural predators.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it performs the unken reflex: it stretches out, arches its body, and lifts its head and tail into the air to show its bright belly. It can also produce a foamy substance when exposed to high temperatures.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 6 块玩具积木排成一排一样长

California newt和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

California newt 约 0.5 公里/小时 (0.31 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Because snakes evolved resistance, newts have evolved to make far more toxin than any other predator could need, an evolutionary arms race.1

The foam the newt produces forms a protective layer that helps it keep moisture and shields it from burns during wildfires.1

Researchers believe bacteria make the tetrodotoxin, and the newts acquire it by eating those bacteria.1

Garter snakes are the most common predator, and some have developed resistance to the newt's toxin.1

Adults usually return to the same pool where they hatched to breed.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Newts do not make any sounds.

真相： California newts make clicks, squeaks and whistles. Clicks are the most common, squeaks are used in defence, and whistles seem to be linked to recognising sex and to social rank.1

给毒液专家

学名: Taricha torosa
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Salamandridae2
排序: Caudata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Females lay egg masses of between 7 and 30 eggs, attached to plant roots or rocks in small, slow-moving pools. The larvae hatch in early to midsummer, depending on water temperature.1
它在野外过得怎么样: California Special Concern species (DFG-CSC)1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3