第 1354 号，共 1 402 张

Rough-skinned newt

Taricha granulosa

可致命不要触摸不治疗可能致命。如果有人碰了或吃了它，赶快求助。

皮肤里有毒碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

The rough-skinned newt is a small, stocky amphibian from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Its skin gives off one of the strongest toxins of any newt, so it is a creature to admire from a distance and never handle. Its toxin is also linked to a famous fight between newts and garter snakes.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Pacific Northwest of North America, from Alaska south to Santa Cruz, California. Rare east of the Cascade Mountains.1

北美洲

首页

Found in the Pacific Northwest, including a small isolated population in ponds north of Moscow, Idaho, which is thought to have been introduced by people.1

长度

11 cm到18 cm (4.3 in到7.1 in)1

最高速度

约 0.5 公里/小时（0.31 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

Rough-skinned newt的照片 — Rough-skinned newt。照片：The High Fin Sperm Whale。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Stocky body with a rounded snout.1
Top ranges from light brown to olive or brownish-black.1
Underside, including the head, legs and tail, is orange to yellow.1
Skin is granular, but males are smooth-skinned during the breeding season.1
Adults are 11 to 18 cm long overall, including the tail.1

常被误认为： The California newt (Taricha torosa) looks similar. The rough-skinned newt has smaller eyes, yellow irises, V-shaped tooth patterns and uniformly dark eyelids. During breeding season, males have large swollen vent lobes and cornified toe pads, which separate them from females.1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

This animal is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not bite or sting. Its skin produces tetrodotoxin (TTX), a neurotoxin that attacks the nerves. It blocks the sodium channels that nerves need to send signals. This can cause paralysis and death by asphyxiation, which means the person cannot breathe.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The toxin is mainly dangerous if the newt is eaten. Some people have had skin irritation after handling the newt, especially if they touch their eyes without washing their hands first. In 1979, a 29-year-old man from Oregon died after eating one. Some newts make enough toxin to kill several adult humans.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It gives off an acrid smell that warns animals to stay away.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 6 块玩具积木排成一排一样长

Rough-skinned newt和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Rough-skinned newt 约 0.5 公里/小时 (0.31 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Some common garter snakes can eat rough-skinned newts and survive. They are the only known animals today able to do this.1

A garter snake tests a newt's toxin level by partly swallowing it, then either swallows it fully or lets it go.1

Newts can detect the chemical signature of a snake that has digested one of their kind, and they move away from it.1

The toxin is made by the newt's skin microbiome, meaning the bacteria living on its skin.1

The newt and the garter snake are an example of an evolutionary arms race. Each change in one species drives change in the other.1

The toxin also appears in pufferfish and other marine animals, which share the same nerve-blocking effect.1

给毒液专家

学名: Taricha granulosa
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Salamandridae2
排序: Caudata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: The eggs contain tetrodotoxin, which helps protect the offspring from predators such as the common garter snake.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3