第 0562 号，共 1 402 张

Pygmy rattlesnake

Sistrurus miliarius

名字的由来： The specific name miliarius comes from Latin and means millet or millet-like, probably describing the blotched patterns on its body.1

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

响尾蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The pygmy rattlesnake is a small, venomous snake that lives in the southeastern United States. It is the smallest rattlesnake found on the North American continent. Its venom is strongly tissue-damaging, but the snake makes so little that a bite is unlikely to be fatal to an adult.1

生活在

Southeastern United States, from southern and eastern North Carolina south through peninsular Florida and west to East Texas and Oklahoma1

北美洲

首页

It lives in flatwoods, sandhills, longleaf pine savannahs, mixed scrub oak forests and floodplains, and is also found near lakes and marshes. It does not dig its own burrows. It uses holes dug by small rodents or gopher tortoises, and it prefers densely vegetated areas for cover.1

长度

40 cm到79 cm (1.3 ft到2.6 ft)1

最高速度

约 3.3 公里/小时（2.1 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats small mammals, birds, lizards, insects, frogs and other snakes, and also giant desert centipedes. Young snakes lure skinks by waving the tail, while adults wait motionless in a coil for days at a time.1

Pygmy rattlesnake的照片 — Pygmy rattlesnake。照片：unknown。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Small but bulky in width, usually 40 to 60 cm long including the tail1
Dorsal pattern of oval or roughly circular spots with somewhat regular edges1
Flank spots are mostly round and not much taller than they are wide1
Usually 23 rows of dorsal scales at midbody1
Young snakes may be paler or more vividly marked, and have a yellow tail tip. The rattle is tiny and gives only a faint buzz that is heard from a few feet away1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is cytotoxic, which means it damages cells, and it is strongly haemorrhagic, which means it causes bleeding. The venom is tissue-toxic but contains no neurotoxins, which attack the nerves. The snake produces only a small amount of venom and contains substantial amounts of serotonin and related compounds.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

The snake produces too little venom to be likely to deliver a fatal bite to a human adult.1

它害怕时会做什么？

Some individuals are very aggressive and strike furiously, while others are lethargic and do not rattle at all, and many are reluctant to bite.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 根香蕉首尾相接一样长110 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Pygmy rattlesnake和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Pygmy rattlesnake 约 3.3 公里/小时 (2.1 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its venom was the basis for the drug eptifibatide, which is used to prevent clotting during a heart attack.1

It is the smallest rattlesnake found on the North American continent.1

Its rattle is unusually small, which may show the early stages of how rattles evolved.1

Snake fungal disease has risen sharply in pygmy rattlesnakes over the past decade and is a major cause of death, though some snakes have recovered in the field.1

Females may give birth to live young even while infected with snake fungal disease.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Its bite is deadly to people.

真相： The snake makes so little venom that a bite is unlikely to be fatal to an adult human.1

给毒液专家

学名: Sistrurus miliarius
类别: 响尾蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: It gives birth to live young, usually 3 to 13 per litter, between July and September.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least concern (IUCN Red List)1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3