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Katuni ya Moses sole
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Moses sole

Pardachirus marmoratus
Hana madharaHana madhara kwa watu. Hakuna cha kuhofia.
Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula Sumu ndani ya ngoziHula: NyamaSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu
Hatari kwa watu: HafifuKama kudungwa na nyuki au chini ya hapo. Kimsingi hana madhara kwa watu.

The Moses sole is a flatfish that lives in shallow coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka and along the east coast of Africa. It hides on the seabed and gives off a milky toxin from its fins to deter predators, including sharks.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.
Anaishi
Western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to Sri Lanka, and along the east coast of Africa to Durban1
Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Shamu, Ghuba ya Bengal
Nyumbani
It lives in shallow coastal waters where the seabed is sand or mud, often near coral reefs. During the day it often lies buried in the sand with only its eyes and nostrils showing.1
Urefu
20 cm (7.9 in)3
ukubwa wa kawaida wa mnyama mzima
Kasi ya juu
takriban km 0.5 kwa saa (maili 0.31 kwa saa)
Kuogelea, makadirio
Hula nini?
It feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates that live on the seabed.1
Kweli kabisa!Picha ya Moses sole
Moses sole. Picha: Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

  • Colour is variable, often whitish, pale brown or pale grey, with irregular dark brown ring-shaped markings1
  • Many dark brown spots cover the head, body and fins1
  • Normally two brown dots containing yellow flecks sit along the lateral line1
  • Adults have a highly compressed, flat-sided body, with both eyes on the right side of the head1
  • The rounded tail fin is not joined to the dorsal or cloacal fin1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: Mimic octopuses copy the finless sole by adapting their shape, colour and texture. They can also mimic venomous sea snakes and fish.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The finless sole releases a milky toxin called an ichthyotoxin from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. The main toxin, pardaxin, damages cell membranes so that cells leak their contents. It irritates the sensitive gills of predator fish.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: HafifuKama kudungwa na nyuki au chini ya hapo. Kimsingi hana madhara kwa watu.

It is caught for food and sold fresh, even though its skin secretion is poisonous.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When threatened, it releases its toxic milky secretion from its fins, and its colour helps it blend in with sandy or pebbled seabeds.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

  • Mtu akimla au akipata dalili baada ya kumla: piga namba ya dharura au kituo cha taarifa za sumu mara moja.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

  • Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
  • Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
  • Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

AfrikaAsiaUlayaAmerika KaskaziniAmerika KusiniAustralia na OceaniaBahari ya PasifikiBahari ya HindiBahari ya ShamuGhuba ya Bengal

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Moses sole urefu wa takriban 20 cm (7.9 in)Ndizi takriban 18 cm (7.1 in)Paka wa nyumbani takriban 50 cm (1.6 ft)
urefu sawa na matofali 6 ya kuchezea yaliyopangwa mstari

Moses sole ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

1

One of its toxins, pardaxin-1, is 5 to 10 times more toxic than pardaxin-2 and has unusual shark-repelling properties.1

2

Its toxin, pardaxin, is used by the fish as a defence against sharks.1

3

Mimic octopuses copy its shape, colour and texture, and can also copy venomous sea snakes and fish.1

4

Juveniles have one eye on each side of the head, but as they mature the left eye moves to the right side.1

5

Eugenie Clark carried out much of the early research on this species.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi
Pardachirus marmoratus
Kundi
Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula
Familia
Soleidae2
Mpangilio
Carangiformes
Mabara
Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Shamu, Ghuba ya Bengal, Bahari kuu
Hatari kwa watu
1 / 5: Hafifu3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

  1. Pardachirus marmoratus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pardachirus marmoratus (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
  3. Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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