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Toxic zoanthid

Palythoa toxica

Kuhusu jina: Its Hawaiian name, limu-make-o-Hana, means 'seaweed of death from Hana', after the Hana district of Maui where it was first found.1

Anaweza kuuaUsiguseAnaweza kuua bila matibabu. Mtu akimgusa au kumla, tafuta msaada haraka.

Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula

Sumu ndani ya ngoziSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Palythoa toxica is a small, crust-like sea animal, called a zoanthid, that grows on rocks. It lives in Hawaii and is special because it is the species from which the very poisonous substance palytoxin was first discovered and isolated.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.

Anaishi

Native to Hawaii; has been found sporadically throughout the state, first discovered on Maui1

Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Matumbawe, Bahari ya Ufilipino, Bahari ya Kusini ya China

Nyumbani

It was first found in a shallow rock pool about 25 cm deep that received fresh water when heavy rain fell, so it can live in water of changing salt levels. It has also been sold to keepers of reef aquariums, where people have been poisoned by handling it carelessly.1

Urefu

1.5 cm (0.6 in)3

ukubwa wa kawaida wa mnyama mzima

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 0.5 kwa saa (maili 0.31 kwa saa)

Kuogelea, makadirio

Picha ya Toxic zoanthid — Toxic zoanthid. Picha: [1]. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

It grows as a flat, encrusting layer over rock.1
It has a firm, tough outer covering.1
Its polyps are partly sunk into a cushiony mat that spreads across the rock and contains sand grains and bits of debris.1
Each polyp has a broad mouth disc with a fringe of tentacles.1
Its colour varies but is usually cream, grey or pale brown.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

It is not venomous in the sense of injecting venom with a bite or sting. It contains palytoxin, one of the most poisonous substances known.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Palytoxin is one of the most poisonous substances known, and people have been poisoned by handling this animal in reef aquariums.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

Mtu akimla au akipata dalili baada ya kumla: piga namba ya dharura au kituo cha taarifa za sumu mara moja.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania Bahari ya Pasifiki Bahari ya Hindi Bahari ya Matumbawe Bahari ya Kusini ya China Bahari ya Ufilipino

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

mfupi kuliko kidole chako kidogo

Toxic zoanthid ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Konokono wa bustanini takriban km 0.05 kwa saa (0.03 mph)

Toxic zoanthid takriban km 0.5 kwa saa (0.31 mph)

Mtu anayeogelea takriban km 3 kwa saa (1.9 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Early Hawaiians used this animal to poison the tips of their weapons, and a legend says warriors could break a taboo and dip their spear tips into its pool when under severe threat.1

In 1961 researchers took specimens from the pool despite local advice, and the laboratories of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology on Coconut Island were destroyed by fire on that same day.1

Palythoa toxica is the species in which palytoxin was first discovered and first isolated.1

Unlike a related species, P. toxica is equally toxic all year round rather than changing with the seasons.1

Palytoxin has also been found in other Palythoa species, some algae, and certain crabs and fish, and it has been suggested that a dinoflagellate in the genus Ostreopsis produces the toxin.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Palythoa toxica
Kundi: Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula
Familia: Sphenopidae2
Mpangilio: Zoantharia
Mabara: Bahari ya Pasifiki, Bahari ya Hindi, Bahari ya Matumbawe, Bahari ya Ufilipino, Bahari ya Kusini ya China, Bahari kuu
Hatari kwa watu: 4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Palythoa toxica (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Palythoa toxica (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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