第 0394 號，共 1 402 號

Brazilian lancehead

Bothrops moojeni

名字的由來： The specific name moojeni honours the Brazilian zoologist João Moojen de Oliveira (1904–1985).1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

蝮蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Brazilian lancehead is a highly venomous snake, a type of pit viper, found in South America. It lives in forests and open woodland in Brazil and nearby countries, and it hunts mostly at night. Its venom damages muscle and blood, so bites need urgent medical care.1

分布在

Northern Argentina, eastern Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, in South America.1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in Araucaria moist forests and the Cerrado. The species is terrestrial, so it lives on the ground.1

長度

2,3 m (7,5 ft)1

最高速度

大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It preys on small mammals, birds, lizards, snakes and amphibians.1

Brazilian lancehead 的照片 — Brazilian lancehead。照片：(Greg Hume)。 CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Tan, grey-brown or olive-grey body with 14–21 trapezoidal side markings that are dark grey or black.1
Belly is usually white or cream, with scattered dark grey spots.1
Broad head is flattened into a lance shape when seen from above, and is distinct from the narrow neck.1
Eyes have vertically elliptical (cat-like) pupils.1
Juveniles have a white tail.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is haemolytic (it breaks down red blood cells) and proteolytic (it breaks down proteins). A muscle-damaging component causes necrosis, meaning the muscle tissue dies, and the venom also stops blood from clotting. Symptoms may include intense local pain, swelling and muscle death, and the venom can cause severe bleeding and strokes.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

This snake is highly venomous. Its venom can cause severe haemorrhage (serious bleeding) and strokes.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is considered very defensive.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 13 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 90 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Brazilian lancehead 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Brazilian lancehead 大約 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

The venom contains a clotting-related enzyme that can trigger disseminated intravascular coagulation, a serious condition where blood clots and bleeds at the same time.1

Its venom contains a wide range of enzymes, including a muscle-damaging myotoxin.1

The venom yield of adult females averages 335 mg, while newborns average 63 mg.1

It is one of several pit vipers with heat-sensing pits, which help it find prey in the dark.1

It is nocturnal, so it is most active at night.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bothrops moojeni
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young (viviparous). Gestation lasts around four months, it happens once a year, and a litter is usually 12–14 newborns.1
壽命: 大約 15 年1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3