第 1255 號，共 1 402 號

Giant freshwater stingray

Urogymnus polylepis

名字的由來： The scientific name polylepis comes from the Greek words for 'many' and 'scales'.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被螫了需要看醫生。

有毒液的魚

螫吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The giant freshwater stingray is a large ray that lives in big rivers and estuaries in Southeast Asia and Borneo. It is the widest freshwater fish in the world, and it is now endangered because of fishing and habitat loss. It has a long, whip-like tail with a sharp spine near the base.1

分布在

Large rivers and estuaries of Indochina (such as the Mekong and Chao Phraya) and Borneo1

亞洲

首頁

It lives on the sandy or muddy bottom of large rivers and their estuaries. It is sometimes found near heavily populated urban areas, and individuals are often seen at the edge of the river.1

長度

5 m (16 ft)1

體重

300 kg 到 600 kg (661 lb 到 1323 lb)1

最高速度

大約 30 km/h（19 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats small fishes and invertebrates such as crustaceans and molluscs that live on the bottom. It finds them using electroreceptors, which sense the weak electrical signals of living animals.1

Giant freshwater stingray 的照片 — Giant freshwater stingray。照片：BEDO (Thailand)。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Plain grayish brown on top, often with a yellowish or pinkish tint towards the fin edges1
White underside with broad dark bands on the rear edges of the pectoral and pelvic fins1
Thin, whip-like tail that is black behind the spine and has no fin folds1
Sharply pointed snout that projects beyond the disc1
A single serrated stinging spine on the upper tail near its base, up to 38 cm long1

常被誤認為： Similar freshwater stingrays in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia were once tentatively grouped with this species. Some of them, such as the Australian Urogymnus dalyensis, are now described as separate species.1

毒液力量

螫

毒液從螫針出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its sting is sheathed in toxic mucus. The sting is capable of piercing bone.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被螫了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The giant freshwater stingray is not aggressive. Its sting is strong enough to pierce bone and is coated in toxic mucus, so it should be treated with care.1

如果牠螫人

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠螫了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 30 隻狗一樣重

跟 5 隻狗從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 28 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 6 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Giant freshwater stingray 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Giant freshwater stingray 大約 30 km/h (19 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In June 2022, a specimen caught in the Mekong River was reported as the largest strict freshwater fish ever documented, at about 300 kg.1

It is the widest freshwater fish in the world, growing up to 2.2 m across.1

Its tail spine is up to 38 cm long, the largest of any stingray species.1

Pups are nourished in the womb by a milk-like substance called histotroph, or 'uterine milk', made by the mother.1

In Cambodia, the average weight of a landed ray fell from 23.2 kg in 1980 to 6.9 kg in 2006.1

給毒液專家

學名: Urogymnus polylepis
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Dasyatidae2
排序: Myliobatiformes
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young. Females have litters of one to four pups, each about 30 cm across at birth.1
牠在野外的狀況: Endangered (IUCN overall); Critically Endangered in Thailand1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3