第 0388 號，共 1 402 號

Jararacussu

Bothrops jararacussu

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

咬吃：肉

The jararacussu is a large, highly venomous pit viper that lives in South America. It can grow up to 2.2 metres long and is one of the most feared snakes on the continent. Its bite can cause serious harm, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在

Coastal Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catarina), Paraguay, south-eastern Bolivia and north-eastern Argentina (Misiones Province)1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in the Atlantic forest and semi-deciduous forest. It is also found in perennial forests, pine forests in Paraná in low swampy regions, and along river banks.1

長度

2,2 m (7,2 ft)1

最高速度

大約 4,2 km/h（2,6 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It usually feeds on amphibians and rodents.1

Jararacussu 的照片 — Jararacussu。照片：Henrique Nogueira。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

A fairly large snake with a robust body and head.1
Body and head colour varies widely. The background can be brown, yellow or almost black.1
A pattern of dark arches, and dark spots on the back that look like the letter X.1
Medium-sized eyes with vertical, elliptical pupils.1
Strongly keeled scales.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains cytotoxins, haemotoxins and myotoxins. Cytotoxins damage cells, haemotoxins affect the blood, and myotoxins damage muscle. Severe bites can cause necrosis (death of tissue), shock, spontaneous bleeding inside the body, and kidney failure. Many patients also develop coagulopathy, a condition where the blood cannot clot properly.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The venom is potent enough to kill sixteen people. In one study of 29 bites in São Paulo state, Brazil, three patients aged 3, 11 and 65 died from respiratory and circulatory failure, even with large doses of antivenom in intensive care. Six patients had necrosis, and one of them lost a limb to amputation. Bites from snakes over 50 cm long caused the most severe effects.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is described as very aggressive in behaviour.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 12 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 86 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Jararacussu 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Jararacussu 大約 4,2 km/h (2,6 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its venom yield is 1000 mg, which is enough to kill 10,163 rats in laboratory measures.1

Its fangs are about 2.5 cm long, and it can inject a large amount of venom.1

It warms up in the morning sun, then goes out to hunt at night.1

It is ovoviviparous and gives birth to between 16 and 20 young in the rainy season.1

給毒液專家

學名: Bothrops jararacussu
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother and she gives birth to live young. A litter has between 16 and 20 young, born in the rainy season.1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3