第 1352 號，共 1 402 號

Greening's frog

Corythomantis greeningi

名字的由來： The specific name greeningi honours Linnaeus Greening (1855–1927), an English businessman and naturalist known for his work on arachnids, reptiles and amphibians.1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈

有毒液的棘刺有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Greening's frog is a small tree frog that lives in the dry thorn scrub of eastern Brazil. It is venomous: it has spines on its skull that can inject venom when it headbutts. It is special because it survives a semi-desert climate by hiding in tree hollows, rock cracks and bromeliads.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Northeastern and eastern Brazil, reaching as far south as northern Minas Gerais state1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in the caatinga, a semi-desert of shrubland and thorn forest with a short wet season and a long hot dry season. It is usually found on plants, including bromeliads, and on rock outcrops. It breeds in temporary streams.1

長度

7,1 cm 到 8,7 cm (2,8 in 到 3,4 in)1

最高速度

大約 4,4 km/h（2,7 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Greening's frog 的照片 — Greening's frog。照片：Boulenger, G.A.。 Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Light brown or grey body, blotched with red or brown patches1
Females are generally darker than males1
Narrow head with bony crests behind the eyes and a long flat snout with small spines1
Warty skin on a slender body and legs1
Well-developed adhesive discs on the tips of the fingers and toes1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its skull spines inject venom into other animals, or into a human hand, when it headbutts. Its skin secretions contain steroids and alkaloids, which in laboratory tests caused a powerful painful effect and swelling in mouse cells. In the wild these secretions act as a chemical defence against predators.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It hides in a tree hollow, rock crevice or bromeliad, sealing the entrance with its head, and it defends itself by headbutting with its skull spines.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2,5 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 82 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Greening's frog 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Greening's frog 大約 4,4 km/h (2,7 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Unlike poison dart frogs, which only secrete poison from their skin, this frog can inject venom through spines on its skull.1

The skin of its head is fused to the skull to form a casque, a hard helmet-like structure.1

In laboratory tests, its skin secretions also slowed the growth of mouse fibroblast and melanoma cells.1

It has a tough, water-resistant skin and a low metabolic rate, which help it survive the dry semi-desert climate.1

When the rains start and the streams run with water, males set up territories near the water and call to attract females.1

It shares its headbutting, spine-injecting defence with another frog, Nyctimantis brunoi.1

給毒液專家

學名: Corythomantis greeningi
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Hylidae2
排序: Anura
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: The female lays several hundred eggs, attached to a rock in the watercourse.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3