第 0492 號，共 1 402 號

Horseshoe pit viper

Craspedocephalus strigatus

名字的由來： Its common name comes from the pale buff, horseshoe-shaped (inverted "U") mark on the nape of its neck.1

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

蝮蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The horseshoe pit viper is a venomous snake that lives only in the Western Ghats mountains of southern India. It has a pale horseshoe-shaped mark on the back of its neck, which gives it its common name. It is special because its natural range is very small, possibly the smallest of any pit viper confirmed from India.1

分布在

Western Ghats of South India, in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, including the Upper Nilgiri Mountains1

亞洲

首頁

It prefers montane forests, shola patches (small pockets of forest in grassland) and grasslands, at altitudes of 1,100 to 2,400 m. Most sightings are on the ground or on rock formations.1

長度

40 cm (1,3 ft)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 3,2 km/h（2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It preys on frogs, smaller snakes and small rodents such as mice.1

Horseshoe pit viper 的照片 — Horseshoe pit viper。照片：Gachand。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

A pale buff, horseshoe-shaped (inverted "U") mark on the nape of the neck.1
Pale brownish or buff body with darker grey blotches and some white streaks.1
Small internasal scales on the snout.1
21 rows of smooth or weakly keeled scales along the middle of the body.1

常被誤認為： It is often grouped with other pit vipers of peninsular India. It can be told apart by its small internasal scales, the second upper lip scale touching the loreal pit (the heat-sensing pit between eye and nostril), 21 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, and a single row of scales between the lip scales and the eye scales.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 12 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 110 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Horseshoe pit viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Horseshoe pit viper 大約 3,2 km/h (2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It may be the pit viper confirmed from India with the smallest geographic range of all.1

It was historically misidentified and misreported from places outside the Western Ghats, including the Eastern Ghats.1

It is terrestrial, spending most of its time on the ground or on rock formations.1

破解迷思

迷思： The horseshoe pit viper is found across a wide area, including parts of the Eastern Ghats.

真相： Early reports from outside the Western Ghats were misidentifications. The species is endemic to the Western Ghats, in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.1