第 1308 號，共 1 402 號

Kokoe poison frog

Phyllobates aurotaenia

可能致命不要碰不治療的話可能致命。如果有人碰了或吃了牠，要趕快求救。

皮膚裡有毒吃：昆蟲有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

The Kokoe poison frog is a small, brightly striped frog that lives on the forest floor of western Colombia. It is one of the most poisonous frogs in the world. Its skin holds a toxin that can be deadly, so it should never be handled.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Pacific coast of Colombia, in the Chocó region west of the Andes1

南美洲

首頁

It lives on the ground in wet, humid lowland and submontane forests, usually between 60 and 520 metres above sea level. It is found in primary and secondary forest but not in degraded areas.1

長度

3 cm (1,2 in)3

一般成體大小

最高速度

大約 3,6 km/h（2,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats beetles, millipedes and flies. It gets its poison from these prey and from the leaf litter on the forest floor, rather than making it itself.1

Kokoe poison frog 的照片 — Kokoe poison frog。照片：TomR (Thomas Ruedas)。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Black back, sometimes with orange patches.1
Green, yellow, orange or brownish gold stripes along each side of the body.1
Black belly with blue or green dots.1
The smallest of the poison dart frogs in its genus, Phyllobates.1
Two forms exist: a smaller form with large stripes and a larger form with small stripes.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, because its toxin is held in its skin and does not come from a bite or sting. The toxin, batrachotoxin, is a steroidal alkaloid. It keeps the sodium channels in nerve and muscle cells permanently open, which stops the cells from resetting. The result is paralysis, and often death, as affected muscles stay locked in a contracted state.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Wild frogs are extremely deadly to humans, and the toxin can be fatal in doses as small as 100 μg. Frogs raised in captivity are generally non-toxic.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It releases its toxin from skin glands only when under stress.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人碰了牠：把手徹底洗乾淨，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果小孩或寵物舔了或吃了牠：打給毒物諮詢中心或打緊急電話。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

大約跟一根迴紋針一樣長可以在 100 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Kokoe poison frog 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Kokoe poison frog 大約 3,6 km/h (2,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is known as the third most poisonous frog in the world.1

Indigenous peoples of Colombia have used its poison on hunting darts.1

Unlike many other dart frogs, males do not wrestle. Rivals face off and call loudly until one backs down.1

Its mating calls are a loud, bird-like whirring twitter, which can last up to 45 seconds.1

Unlike other Phyllobates species, it does not breed in coconut shells. It lays its eggs in narrow tubes on the ground instead.1

破解迷思

迷思： All poison frogs make their own poison.

真相： These frogs probably do not make batrachotoxin themselves. They take it in from their diet of beetles, millipedes and flies, and from the leaf litter. That is why captive frogs are generally non-toxic.1

給毒液專家

學名: Phyllobates aurotaenia
類群: 箭毒蛙、蟾蜍和蠑螈
家人: Dendrobatidae2
排序: Anura
各大洲: 南美洲
寶寶: The female lays a clutch of eggs in leaf litter, averaging 15 to 20. After the eggs hatch, the male carries the tadpoles to slow-flowing water.1
牠在野外的狀況: Least Concern (IUCN), although its numbers and range are declining, mainly due to habitat loss1
對人的危險: 4 / 5: 非常危險3