第 0393 號，共 1 402 號

Neuwied's lancehead

Bothrops neuwiedi

名字的由來： It is named after the German naturalist Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867), who made important animal collections in Brazil.1

可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。

蝮蛇

咬

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Neuwied's lancehead is a highly venomous pit viper found in South America. It is a relatively small snake, but it is a major cause of snakebites in Argentina. It lives east of the Andes, mostly in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.1

分布在

East of the Andes and south of about 5°S in South America: Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay1

南美洲

首頁

It lives in tropical and semitropical deciduous forest, temperate forest and Atlantic Coast restingas. In almost all cases it is found in dry or semiarid rocky areas.1

長度

60 cm 到 1 m (2 ft 到 3,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,5 km/h（2,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

Neuwied's lancehead 的照片 — Neuwied's lancehead。照片：Daderot。 CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Adults average 60–70 cm in total length, including the tail, but can grow to about 100 cm.1
The ground colour is brown or dark brown.1
A row of 16–27 dark brown or black blotches runs along the body, each edged in white.1
The belly is white or yellow with grey speckling.1
Young snakes have a white tail tip.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

This snake is highly venomous. Its venom causes pain, swelling, bruising and necrosis (death of body tissue), and it can also lead to abscesses. The venom disturbs blood clotting: the venom has thrombin-like proteases, which slow the clotting of fibrinogen, a protein needed to form clots. Bites can also cause high blood pressure and collapse.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

This species is one of the main causes of snakebite in Argentina. Between 1960 and 1975, about 500 cases were reported there each year, and 80% of them were attributed to one subspecies, B. n. diporus. In a study of 18 bite cases admitted to a hospital in São Paulo from 1975 to 1992, all patients had pain, 83% had swelling, 50% had bruising, 17% had necrosis and 12% developed coagulopathy (a clotting disorder).1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

如果牠咬人

Three antivenins made by the Instituto Butantan in Brazil can be used to treat bites from this species. Treatment with heparin might help the clotting problems caused by the venom.1
讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 6 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 100 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Neuwied's lancehead 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Neuwied's lancehead 大約 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In a case in Germany, a 36-year-old snake keeper was bitten on the finger. The bitten finger developed necrosis, and the swelling spread onto the hand.1

The average venom yield is 25 to 40 mg (dry weight).1