第 0491 號，共 1 402 號

Sri Lankan green pit viper

Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus

需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。

咬吃：肉

The Sri Lankan green pit viper is a venomous snake that lives only on the island of Sri Lanka. It spends much of its time up in trees and low shrubs, where its green colouring helps it blend in. Its bite is dangerous, so it is important to know what it looks like.1

分布在

Sri Lanka only (endemic). Found in all three climate zones except higher hills and arid zones.1

亞洲

首頁

It is most common in wet zone grasslands and rain forests, and sometimes in cardamom, cocoa, coffee and tea plantations. It lives from 153 to 1,800 m above sea level. It is usually seen on low shrubs in the morning.1

長度

20 cm 到 1,3 m (7,9 in 到 4,3 ft)1

最高速度

大約 3,5 km/h（2,2 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats lizards, frogs, small mammals and birds. It mostly hunts in trees but sometimes comes down to the ground to look for food.1

Sri Lankan green pit viper 的照片 — Sri Lankan green pit viper。照片：Gihan Jayaweera。 CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Usually green with a black, variegated (broken, mixed) pattern on the body1
A black line usually runs along the side of the head, and the tail is black1
Males often have a blue tinge, while females are mostly green1
Bulky, cylindrical body with a flattened, triangular head that is clearly separate from the neck1
Pit between the eye and nostril on each side of the head1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom is mainly haemotoxic, meaning it damages blood and tissue. Bite victims feel severe pain and swelling, and blisters can form, with some tissue dying around the wound. The pain can last for a few days. Drooping eyelids (ptosis) and swollen lymph glands can also occur, and in some victims kidney failure and heart rhythm problems have been reported.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Deaths from this snake have not been reported. Some bite victims do develop serious kidney and heart problems.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is not usually defensive, but if disturbed it vibrates its tail tip, forms an S-shaped loop with its front body, and lashes out to bite, seldom hissing first.1

如果牠咬人

讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 2,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 7 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 100 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Sri Lankan green pit viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Sri Lankan green pit viper 大約 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Females are much larger than males, growing up to 130 cm, while males reach about 60 to 75 cm.1

It gives birth to live young, which is unusual for pit vipers, rather than laying eggs.1

It has a short, prehensile tail that it uses to grip tree branches, which suits its tree-living lifestyle.1

In the morning it climbs to the tops of trees to bask in the sun and warm its body.1

給毒液專家

學名: Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus
類群: 蝮蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
各大洲: 亞洲
寶寶: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs, usually about 5 to 25 at once, mostly in June and July.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3