第 0728 號，共 1 402 號

Woodlouse spider

Dysdera crocata

名字的由來： Its common names come from its main prey, woodlice, which are also called sowbugs, pillbugs and slaters.1

無害對人無害。不用擔心。

蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

The woodlouse spider is a small spider that hunts woodlice, the small grey creatures that curl up when touched. It lives in warm places under logs, stones and plant pots, and it is now found on almost every continent except Antarctica. It is a skilled hunter with large fangs, but it is not known to be a health risk to people.1

分布在

Originally from the Mediterranean; now found from Eurasia to parts of North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand1

歐洲

首頁

It is usually found under logs, rocks, bricks, plant pots and in leaf litter in warm places, often close to woodlice. It has also been found inside houses. During the day it rests in a silk retreat in crevices, usually in partly rotten wood, or in tent-like shelters in the hollows of large rocks.1

長度

9 mm 到 1,5 cm (0,4 in 到 0,6 in)1

最高速度

大約 0,86 km/h（0,53 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It mainly eats woodlice. It uses its large fangs to get past the tough outer shell and injects venom into the soft underside, avoiding the woodlouse's unpleasant defensive chemicals. It also eats silverfish, earwigs, millipedes, burying beetles, crickets and other spiders and centipedes.1

Woodlouse spider 的照片 — Woodlouse spider。照片：Meghan Cassidy。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Six eyes.1
A tawny orange to dark red head and chest section (cephalothorax) and legs.1
A shiny, pale beige to yellow-brown abdomen, which can be dark grey and sometimes very shiny.1
Very large fangs (chelicerae) for a spider of its size.1
Adult females are 11 to 15 mm long, and males are 9 to 10 mm long.1

常被誤認為： The woodlouse spider can be hard to tell apart from Dysdera erythrina, which is much less common. D. erythrina is not usually found near human homes, so location can help.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

It injects venom through its fangs to subdue its prey. In people, bites have been known to cause localised itching at the bite site.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 輕微跟蜜蜂螫差不多或更輕微。對人基本上無害。

It is a dangerous predator for woodlice but is not known to be a health hazard to humans or smaller animals. It has been known to bite people if handled. Verified bites have caused no major medical problems.1

如果牠咬人

清洗咬傷處，用冰敷袋冰敷止痛。如果很痛、疼痛擴散或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短

Woodlouse spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Woodlouse spider 大約 0,86 km/h (0,53 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is an unusually dominant predator for its size because of its large fangs and wide gape.1

It often dominates and sometimes kills other spiders and centipedes.1

Courtship is typically aggressive, and mates can be injured by each other's large fangs.1

It hunts at night and does not spin a web. Instead, it searches warm places for prey.1

Although it began in the Mediterranean, it is now found on several continents, including Australia and New Zealand.1

破解迷思

迷思： Woodlouse spiders are dangerous to people.

真相： They are not known to be a health hazard to humans. They can bite if handled, but verified bites have not caused major medical problems.1

給毒液專家

學名: Dysdera crocata
類群: 蜘蛛
家人: Dysderidae2
排序: Araneae
各大洲: 歐洲
寶寶: The female lays her eggs in a silk sac, which can hold up to 70 eggs. She is believed to look after her young after they hatch.1
對人的危險: 1 / 5: 輕微3