第 1336 号，共 1 402 张

Colorado River toad

Incilius alvarius

需要看医生不要触摸很少致命，但如果有人碰了或吃了它，要去看医生。

皮肤里有毒吃：肉碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

The Colorado River toad is a large toad of the deserts of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is famous for the toxic, mind-altering secretions it releases from glands in its skin when threatened. These secretions can be deadly if swallowed, so it should be left alone.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua) and the southwestern United States, including Arizona and New Mexico1

北美洲

首页

It lives in desert and semi-arid areas and is semiaquatic. People may find it in streams, near springs, in canals, drainage ditches and under water troughs. It often lives in rodent burrows and is active at night.1

长度

19 cm (7.5 in)1

最高速度

约 2 公里/小时（1.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is an active forager that feeds on invertebrates, lizards, small mammals and amphibians.1

Colorado River toad的照片 — Colorado River toad。照片：Wildfeuer。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Olive green or mottled brown colour1
Smooth, leathery skin1
A large golden eye with a horizontal pupil, with a bulging kidney-shaped gland just behind it1
A large circular pale green ear drum area below that gland1
A weak, low-pitched call described as a toot lasting less than a second1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

The toad releases poison from glands in its skin, including the large parotoid glands behind the eyes. The poison contains psychoactive compounds, including 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin, which affect the brain. It also contains digoxin-like cardiac glycosides, which act on the heart, and ingesting the poison can be fatal. In one reported case, a young woman who drank a tea made from toad preparation began vomiting and had difficulty breathing soon after, and died about two and a half hours later.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重如果有人碰了或吃了它，要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The poison is potent enough to kill a grown dog, and dogs that attack toads have been paralysed or killed. Several cases of human poisoning from swallowing toad secretions or eggs have been reported, and at least one death from the ch'an su preparation has been recorded. The toad has also been linked to poisoning and at least one death from the use of related toad preparations as street drugs.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it releases toxins from glands in its skin.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 6 块玩具积木排成一排一样长180 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Colorado River toad和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Colorado River toad 约 2 公里/小时 (1.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is the only toad species in which bufotenin is present in large enough amounts to have a psychoactive effect.1

Raccoons have learned to pull a toad away from water by its back leg, turn it over and feed on its belly, which keeps them away from the poison glands.1

Unlike most vertebrates, it gets most of its water by absorbing it across its belly through a special area of skin called the seat patch.1

A female can lay up to 8,000 eggs.1

It is the largest toad in the United States, apart from the non-native cane toad.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Licking or smoking the toad's secretions is a safe way to get high or to treat illness.

真相： Swallowing the secretions has caused poisonings and deaths. Claims about its therapeutic use are unverified, and the US National Park Service has warned people not to handle or lick the toad.1

给毒液专家

学名: Incilius alvarius
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Bufonidae2
排序: Anura
大洲: 北美洲
宝宝: Females lay eggs in ponds, slow-moving streams, temporary pools or man-made structures that hold water, and can lay up to 8,000 eggs in a long tube of jelly.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Listed as threatened in New Mexico and California. A June 2025 study found that persistent trapping in Mexico has decimated several populations and put the species at risk of extinction.1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3